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Microbiology > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Study of what genes are, how they carry information, how information is expressed, and how genes are replicated.

A

Genetics

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2
Q

All the DNA in organism

A

Genome

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3
Q

Structures compressed of neatly packed DNA molecule.

A

Chromosomes

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4
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

46

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5
Q

How many chromosomes do bacteria have?

A

1 or 2

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6
Q

Segment of DNA that encodes a functional product (protein or RNA molecule)

A

Genes

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of genes

A
  • Structural genes (proteins)
  • Genes that code for RNA
  • Regulatory genes (control gene expression)
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8
Q

Code of DNA. A, T, C, G.

A

Genotype

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9
Q

Expression of genes. (Black hair, curly hair, eye color, etc….)

A

Phenotype

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10
Q

A plasmid is an independent, circular, self-replicating DNA molecule.

A

Plasmid

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11
Q

What are the Nitrogenous bases?

A
  • Adenine
  • Thymine
  • Cytosine
  • Guanine
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12
Q

How do the Nitrogenous bases bond in DNA?

A

A-T

C-G

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13
Q

What is the ‘backbone’ of DNA

A

Deoxyribosephosphate

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14
Q

How are the strands of DNA held together?

A

By H bonds.

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15
Q

What is the name of Sugar for DNA

A

Deoxyribose

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16
Q

What is the name of Sugar for RNA

A

Ribose

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17
Q

How do the Nitrogenous bases bond for RNA?

A

A-U

C-G

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18
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic acid

19
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

20
Q

Types of Plasmids?

A
  • Resistance factors
  • Fertility factors
  • Bacteriocin factors
  • Virulence plasmids
21
Q

The copy of DNA into two daughter cells that are exactly the same.

A

DNA Replicaiton

22
Q

One strand in DNA replication acts as template.

A

Complementary structure

23
Q

One daughter cell gets the new, one gets the old.

A

Semiconservative.

24
Q

Opens strand of DNA in replicaiton

A

Helicases

25
Q

Adds nucleotides in DNA replication.

A

DNA Polymerase

26
Q

Adds primer (RNA) In DNA replication

A

Primase

27
Q

Seals gaps in DNA replication

A

Ligase

28
Q

DNA Nucleotides are what ratio?

A

5:3

29
Q

Which DNA strand has Okasaki fragments?

A

The lagging strand

30
Q

What are the two stages of proteinsynthesis?

A
  • Transcription

- Translation

31
Q

Making of messenger RNA from a segment “Gene” of DNA.

A

Transcription

32
Q

DNA or RNA polymerase. Has proofreading?

A

DNA polymerase

33
Q

Types of RNA transcribed from DNA

A
  • Messenger RNA
  • Transfer RNA
  • Ribosomal RNA
34
Q

The making of protein through mRNA

A

Translation

35
Q

Stop codons are also called what?

A

Nonsense codon

36
Q

Mutation that occurs but does not change the amino acid being synthesized.

A

Silent mutation.

37
Q

tRNA binding sites. What happens in site A?

A

Arrival of codene. All but the first.

38
Q

tRNA bingding sites. What happens in site P?

A

Protein growth. First codene comes here

39
Q

tRNA binding sites. What happens in site E?

A

Codenes exit.

40
Q

Where does translation occur?

A

On the Ribosomes

41
Q

Change in the nucleotide base sequence of a genome, rare.

A

Mutation

42
Q

Decendents of cell that does not successfully repair a mutation

A

Mutants

43
Q

Test to see if a chemical is carcinogenic to humans

A

The Ames tests

Microbiology (13 decks)

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