Chapter 8

Question 1

Study of what genes are, how they carry information, how information is expressed, and how genes are replicated.

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

All the DNA in organism

Answer 2

Genome

Question 3

Structures compressed of neatly packed DNA molecule.

Answer 3

Chromosomes

Question 4

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 4

46

Question 5

How many chromosomes do bacteria have?

Answer 5

1 or 2

Question 6

Segment of DNA that encodes a functional product (protein or RNA molecule)

Answer 6

Genes

Question 7

What are the 3 types of genes

Answer 7

• Structural genes (proteins)
• Genes that code for RNA
• Regulatory genes (control gene expression)

Question 8

Code of DNA. A, T, C, G.

Answer 8

Genotype

Question 9

Expression of genes. (Black hair, curly hair, eye color, etc….)

Answer 9

Phenotype

Question 10

A plasmid is an independent, circular, self-replicating DNA molecule.

Answer 10

Plasmid

Question 11

What are the Nitrogenous bases?

Answer 11

• Adenine
• Thymine
• Cytosine
• Guanine

Question 12

How do the Nitrogenous bases bond in DNA?

Answer 12

A-T

C-G

Question 13

What is the ‘backbone’ of DNA

Answer 13

Deoxyribosephosphate

Question 14

How are the strands of DNA held together?

Answer 14

By H bonds.

Question 15

What is the name of Sugar for DNA

Answer 15

Deoxyribose

Question 16

What is the name of Sugar for RNA

Answer 16

Ribose

Question 17

How do the Nitrogenous bases bond for RNA?

Answer 17

A-U

C-G

Question 18

RNA

Answer 18

Ribonucleic acid

Question 19

DNA

Answer 19

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 20

Types of Plasmids?

Answer 20

• Resistance factors
• Fertility factors
• Bacteriocin factors
• Virulence plasmids

Question 21

The copy of DNA into two daughter cells that are exactly the same.

Answer 21

DNA Replicaiton

Question 22

One strand in DNA replication acts as template.

Answer 22

Complementary structure

Question 23

One daughter cell gets the new, one gets the old.

Answer 23

Semiconservative.

Question 24

Opens strand of DNA in replicaiton

Answer 24

Helicases

Question 25

Adds nucleotides in DNA replication.

Answer 25

DNA Polymerase

Question 26

Adds primer (RNA) In DNA replication

Answer 26

Primase

Question 27

Seals gaps in DNA replication

Answer 27

Ligase

Question 28

DNA Nucleotides are what ratio?

Answer 28

5:3

Question 29

Which DNA strand has Okasaki fragments?

Answer 29

The lagging strand

Question 30

What are the two stages of proteinsynthesis?

Answer 30

• Transcription

- Translation

Question 31

Making of messenger RNA from a segment “Gene” of DNA.

Answer 31

Transcription

Question 32

DNA or RNA polymerase. Has proofreading?

Answer 32

DNA polymerase

Question 33

Types of RNA transcribed from DNA

Answer 33

• Messenger RNA
• Transfer RNA
• Ribosomal RNA

Question 34

The making of protein through mRNA

Answer 34

Translation

Question 35

Stop codons are also called what?

Answer 35

Nonsense codon

Question 36

Mutation that occurs but does not change the amino acid being synthesized.

Answer 36

Silent mutation.

Question 37

tRNA binding sites. What happens in site A?

Answer 37

Arrival of codene. All but the first.

Question 38

tRNA bingding sites. What happens in site P?

Answer 38

Protein growth. First codene comes here

Question 39

tRNA binding sites. What happens in site E?

Answer 39

Codenes exit.

Question 40

Where does translation occur?

Answer 40

On the Ribosomes

Question 41

Change in the nucleotide base sequence of a genome, rare.

Answer 41

Mutation

Question 42

Decendents of cell that does not successfully repair a mutation

Answer 42

Mutants

Question 43

Test to see if a chemical is carcinogenic to humans

Answer 43

The Ames tests