Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is a pathogen?
A microorganism (bacteria, virus, fungi) that causes disease or death
What is microbiology?
The science that studies microorganisms too tiny to be seen by the naked eye & their impact on other organisms.
What causes infectious diseases?
Microorganisms.
What is normal flora?
Organisms that inhabit our body. Can live on skin or inside body. Benificial.
Are the majority of microorganisms beneficial or harmful to humans?
Beneficial
List 5 ways microorganisms are beneficial to humans.
- part of the normal flora.
- decompose organic waste.
- are producers in the ecosystem by photosynthesis.
- play major role in recycling essential elements.
- produce ethanol, acetone, vinegar, cheese, bread, indigo, insulin.
How is malaria transmitted?
Mosquitos
When were the first microbes observed? What year?
1673
Who was the first to observe cells?
Robert Hooke
Who developed the first vaccine against smallpox?
Edward Jenner
Who was the first to observe microorganisms? Explain.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek.
Dutch merchant and lens grinder. Made and observed through simple microscopes. Reported his observations to the Royal Society.
Disproved spontaneous generation. Demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air with S-shaped flask.
Pasteur
First to use disinfectants in surgical procedures.
Lister
Proved that DNA is hereditary material and provided the experimental steps.
Robert Koch
Discovered the first antibiotic penicillin.
Fleming
What is biogenesis?
The hypothesis that the living organisms arise from preexisting life.
What is the hypotheical process that life could arise from nonliving matter?
Spontaneous generation
What is cell theory?
1) Every living organism consists of one or more cells
2) cell is fundamental unit of life
3) cells come from pre-existing cells
4) cells contain hereditary material that is passed on to offspring
Who devised the method for the naming of microorganisms?
C. Linnaeus
Microorganisms:
-Fungi, protozoa, algae, and helminths.
Eukaryotic
Microorganisms:
-Bacteria and archae
Prokaryotic
Microorganism that has a true nucleated cell
Eukaryotic
Proposed Spontaneous generation
Aristotle
Challenged theory of spontaneous generation. Experiment used meat and flasks. Unsealed flask with meat, sealed flask with meat, and unsealed flask covered with gauze and meat.
Redi
