Chapter 1

Question 0

What is a pathogen?

Answer 0

A microorganism (bacteria, virus, fungi) that causes disease or death

Question 1

What is microbiology?

Answer 1

The science that studies microorganisms too tiny to be seen by the naked eye & their impact on other organisms.

Question 2

What causes infectious diseases?

Answer 2

Microorganisms.

Question 3

What is normal flora?

Answer 3

Organisms that inhabit our body. Can live on skin or inside body. Benificial.

Question 4

Are the majority of microorganisms beneficial or harmful to humans?

Answer 4

Beneficial

Question 5

List 5 ways microorganisms are beneficial to humans.

Answer 5

• part of the normal flora.
• decompose organic waste.
• are producers in the ecosystem by photosynthesis.
• play major role in recycling essential elements.
• produce ethanol, acetone, vinegar, cheese, bread, indigo, insulin.

Question 6

How is malaria transmitted?

Answer 6

Mosquitos

Question 7

When were the first microbes observed? What year?

Answer 7

1673

Question 8

Who was the first to observe cells?

Answer 8

Robert Hooke

Question 9

Who developed the first vaccine against smallpox?

Answer 9

Edward Jenner

Question 10

Who was the first to observe microorganisms? Explain.

Answer 10

Anton van Leeuwenhoek.
Dutch merchant and lens grinder. Made and observed through simple microscopes. Reported his observations to the Royal Society.

Question 11

Disproved spontaneous generation. Demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air with S-shaped flask.

Answer 11

Pasteur

Question 12

First to use disinfectants in surgical procedures.

Answer 12

Lister

Question 13

Proved that DNA is hereditary material and provided the experimental steps.

Answer 13

Robert Koch

Question 14

Discovered the first antibiotic penicillin.

Answer 14

Fleming

Question 15

What is biogenesis?

Answer 15

The hypothesis that the living organisms arise from preexisting life.

Question 16

What is the hypotheical process that life could arise from nonliving matter?

Answer 16

Spontaneous generation

Question 17

What is cell theory?

Answer 17

1) Every living organism consists of one or more cells
2) cell is fundamental unit of life
3) cells come from pre-existing cells
4) cells contain hereditary material that is passed on to offspring

Question 18

Who devised the method for the naming of microorganisms?

Answer 18

C. Linnaeus

Question 19

Microorganisms:

-Fungi, protozoa, algae, and helminths.

Answer 19

Eukaryotic

Question 20

Microorganisms:

-Bacteria and archae

Answer 20

Prokaryotic

Question 21

Microorganism that has a true nucleated cell

Answer 21

Eukaryotic

Question 22

Proposed Spontaneous generation

Answer 22

Aristotle

Question 23

Challenged theory of spontaneous generation. Experiment used meat and flasks. Unsealed flask with meat, sealed flask with meat, and unsealed flask covered with gauze and meat.

Answer 23

Redi

Question 24

Challenged theory of spontaneous generation. Experiment used boiled nutrient broth into covered flasks. Broth heated then planed in sealed flask. Resulted in microbial growth.

Answer 24

Needham

Question 25

Challenged theory of spontaneous generation. Experiment used boiled nutrient broth into covered flasks. Nutrient broth placed in flask, sealed, and then heated. Result no microbial growth.

Answer 25

Spallanzani

Question 26

The use of microbes to clean environmental pollutants.

Answer 26

Bioremediation

Question 27

What are 2 types of fungi?

Answer 27

• Molds

- Yeasts