Chapter 17

Question 1

Defenses against any pathogen

Answer 1

Innate immunity

Question 2

Induced resistance to a specific pathogen

Answer 2

Adaptive immunity

Question 3

How to get adaptive immunity

Answer 3

• Getting sick

- Vaccines

Question 4

Also called adaptive immunity

Answer 4

Specific immunity

Question 5

Bodys third line of defence

Answer 5

Specific immunity

Question 6

Specific immunity due to two types of lyphocytes

Answer 6

• B lymphocytes (B cells)

- T lymphocytes (T cells)

Question 7

A substance that causes the body to produce specific antibodies or sensitized T cells.

Answer 7

Antigen (ag)

Question 8

Examples of antigens (5)

Answer 8

• Bacterial capsules
• Cell walls
• Flagella
• Fibriae
• Toxins

Question 9

Specific region of Ag that combines with products of the I.S. Binding sites.

Answer 9

Antigenic determinant

Question 10

Is a globular protein made in response to a specific antigen.

Answer 10

Antibody (ab) or Immunoglobulin (Ig)

Question 11

Are chemical messengers released primarily by helper T cells.

Answer 11

Cytokines

Question 12

Produce antibodies

Answer 12

B cells

Question 13

Secrete cytokines

Answer 13

T cells

Question 14

Antigen presenting cells

Answer 14

• Macrophages

- Dendritic cells

Question 15

What happens if you don’t have cytokines?

Answer 15

No immunity.

Question 16

How does the immune system recognize itself/nonself?

Answer 16

Markers called Major Histocompatability Complex cells. Monitor the expression of MHC class 1 molecules. If the cell has class 1 that is empty it is left alone. I it presents with a virus it is killed on contact.

Question 17

Cells of the specific imune system

Answer 17

Lymphocytes

Question 18

Stay in bone marrow. Mature in bone marrow and acquire receptors (specific shape). Programed to make specific antibody. Secrete antibodies in fluids. Involved in humoral immunity.

Answer 18

B cells

Question 19

Acquire receptors (Specific shape) in thymus. Cellular (cell to cell interaction). Antigen must be presented to them.

Answer 19

T cells

Question 20

B Cell receptors can recognize ag in its natural state. For example: ……………
Before these agents enter the cells.

Answer 20

• Bacteria in blood.
• Viruses in blood.
• Toxins in the blood.

Question 21

When a B cell encounters its triggering antigen it gives rise to what?

Answer 21

• Plasma cells

- Memory cells

Question 22

Shape of Antibody

Answer 22

Y
2 heavy chains
2 Light chains
Y arms vary greatly (To accommodate millions of possibilities)

Question 23

Functions of antibodies?

Answer 23

Agglutination (Group together)
Opsonization 
Activation of complement
Neutralization
Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity

Question 24

Most abundant antibody (in blood)

Answer 24

IgG

Question 25

Which antibody crosses the placenta?

Answer 25

IgG

Question 26

Which antibody is found on secretions

Answer 26

IgA

Question 27

Which antibody is largest?

Answer 27

IgM

Question 28

Triggers memory cells

Answer 28

T dependent antibodies

Question 29

What happens when a B cell encounters a antigen? (Antigenic stimulation)

Answer 29

Produce plasma cells and memory cells which produce antibodies.