Chapter 14 Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Question 1

Study of disease

Answer 1

Pathology

Question 2

Study of the CAUSE of a disease

Answer 2

Eitiology

Question 3

Colonization of the body by pathogens

Answer 3

Infection

Question 4

An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally

Answer 4

Disease

Question 5

animal or human that harbors pathogen. Provides nutrients for pathogen.

Answer 5

Host

Question 6

Lives off of a host. Cause damage to body.

Answer 6

Parasite

Question 7

A microorganism that causes disease and death.

Answer 7

Pathogen

Question 8

How does normal flora help.

Answer 8

• Occupying niches that pathogens might occupy.
• Producing acids.
• Producing bacteriocines.

Question 9

To live together. The relationship with the normal flora and the host,

Answer 9

Symbiosis

Question 10

Relationship that only one benefits. Example?

Answer 10

Commensalism.

Tape worm

Question 11

Both host and microorganism benefit. Example?

Answer 11

Mutalism

E. coli

Question 12

Only parasite benefits.

Answer 12

Parastism

Question 13

Disease caused by infections of parthogenic microorganisms

Answer 13

Germ Theory of Disease

Question 14

Used to prove the cause of an infectious disease.

Answer 14

Koch’s Postulates. (Experiment)

Question 15

Subjective characteristics of disease felt by the patient.

• Nausea
• Pain

Answer 15

Symptoms

Question 16

Objective manifestations of diease that can be observed by others.

• Fever
• Vomiting
• Shivering

Answer 16

Signs.

Question 17

Symptoms + Signs

Answer 17

Syndrome

Question 18

No symptoms

Answer 18

Assymptomatic

Question 19

Number of new cases of a disease in a given area during a given period of time

Answer 19

Incidence

Question 20

Number of total cases of a disease in a given area during a given period of time

Answer 20

Prevalence

Question 21

Diease occurs at stable frequency in given population.

Answer 21

Endemic

Question 22

Few cases occur with in area

Answer 22

Sporadic

Question 23

Number cases observed exceeds the number of expected

Answer 23

Epidemic

Question 24

Epidemics occurring simultaneously in contienents

Answer 24

Pandemic

Question 25

Period of no signs or symptoms

Answer 25

Incubation period

Question 26

Milds signs or symptoms. Period from incubation period till you start showing s/s.

Answer 26

Prodromal period

Question 27

Most severe s/s

Answer 27

Period of illness

Question 28

s/s still present. Microorganisms subsiding.

Answer 28

Period of decline

Question 29

No s/s present. Microorganisms dying off. Still contagious.

Answer 29

Period of convalescence

Question 30

In order to cause a disease what must happen?

Answer 30

Microorganisms must maintain a reservoir, leave reservoir and gain access to new host, colonize and harm the body. Most pathogens cannot survive long outside of a host.

Question 31

Disease caused by animals.

Answer 31

Zoonoses

Question 32

How is zoonoses caused?

Answer 32

- Eating animal - Direct contact with animal or its waste. - Bloodsucking arthropods

Question 33

Infected individuals who are asymptomatic but infective to others.

Answer 33

Human Carriers

Question 34

Give example of nonliving reservoirs. (3)

Answer 34

- Soil - Water - Food

Question 35

Hospital acquired infection.

Answer 35

Nosocomial infections

Question 36

Study where and when diseases occur and how they are transmitted within populations.

Answer 36

Epidemiology.