EXAM 1

Question 1

placed geo. within a modern philosophical framework

Answer 1

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)

Question 2

who wrote the “Essay on the Principle of Population”

Answer 2

Thomas Malthus (1798)

Question 3

what approach do we have… (systematic or regional)

Answer 3

systematic

Question 4

two major (flat) categories of resources

Answer 4

renewable & nonrenewable

Question 5

other words for renewable and nonrenewable

Answer 5

flow (renewable) and fund (nonrenewable)

Question 6

examples of natural disasters

Answer 6

tornados, drought, hurricanes, volcanos, sandstorms, etc.

Question 7

def. of arithmetic density

Answer 7

population to total area (population/square mile/kilometer)

Question 8

def. of physiological density

Answer 8

population to arable land (aka cultivation)

Question 9

population of Earth?

Answer 9

8 billion

Question 10

percentage of those that live within 93 miles of a coastal area?

Answer 10

44%

Question 11

how much of actual land is arable?

Answer 11

10%, 3.6 billion

Question 12

population of USA?

Answer 12

333 million

Question 13

country with highest population & number?

Answer 13

China, 1.4 billion

Question 14

circumference of Earth? who discovered it?

Answer 14

24, 901 (25,000 miles), Eratosthenes

Question 15

which is the larger scale? 1:100,000 or 1:10,000?

Answer 15

1:10,000. more detail.

Question 16

which lines are 0 to 90?

Answer 16

latitude

Question 17

which lines are 0 to 180?

Answer 17

longitude

Question 18

which lines are called parallels?

Answer 18

latitude (lines of = latitude)

Question 19

which lines are called meridians?

Answer 19

longitudes (lines of = longitude)

Question 20

angle of Earth’s tilt?

Answer 20

23.5 degrees

Question 21

three major categories of map projections?

Answer 21

cylindrical, plane, and conical

Question 22

cylindrical…

Answer 22

placing cylinder over globe and transferring points before unfolding

Question 23

plane (or azimuthal)…

Answer 23

flat surface next to globe, distortions away from pt. of contact

Question 24

conical…

Answer 24

cone placed on globe, helps converge lines of long. towards poles

Question 25

the human eye can see...

Answer 25

0.4um to 0.5um reflects blue 0.5um to 0.6um reflects green 0.6um to 0.7um reflects red

Question 26

primary Earth observing satellite? when was it launched? (two answers)

Answer 26

LANDSAT - 1972 and Sept. 2021

Question 27

what are active sensors?

Answer 27

- use beam of wave energy as a source, sending the beam back toward an object - part of energy is reflected back to source and recorded by detector - examples: radar (radio detection and ranging) and lidar (light detection and ranging)

Question 28

what are passive sensors? what's an example?

Answer 28

- acquire images without providing source of energy - hyper-spectral sensors with hundreds of narrow channels - can help detect minerals in soils and unique plant dynamics - most common example: camera

Question 29

what is a sun synchronous orbit?

Answer 29

nearly polar orbit around a planet, in which the satellite passes over any given point of the planet's surface at the same local mean solar time

Question 30

what is frequency?

Answer 30

measures of waves in cycles per second

Question 31

weather vs. climate... what's the difference?

Answer 31

weather short-term, climate long-term

Question 32

what are the four states of matter?

Answer 32

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

Question 33

what states are the latent heat of condensation? is heat taken in or released?

Answer 33

gas to liquid heat is released

Question 34

what is the most prominent gas in our atmosphere?

Answer 34

nitrogen

Question 35

what is the range percentage of water vapor in the atmosphere?

Answer 35

0.2% to 4%

Question 36

the troposphere decreases at environmental...

Answer 36

lapse rate of 3.5ºF per 1000ft

Question 37

why is the stratosphere important?

Answer 37

ozone gases. a lot.

Question 38

what does the magnetosphere protect us from? what is the belt called?

Answer 38

- radiation - Van Allen radiation belt

Question 39

what's the 'solar constant' mean? how much?

Answer 39

amount incoming radiation from sun = approx. 2 calorie/squared/cm/min

Question 40

what are isotherms?

Answer 40

lines of equal temperature

Question 41

what degree scale is 0º freezing and 100º boiling?

Answer 41

Celsius

Question 42

what degree scale is 32º freezing and 212º boiling?

Answer 42

Fahrenheit

Question 43

what is used to measure air pressure?

Answer 43

barometer

Question 44

what times of the days are the daily cycle of temperatures?

Answer 44

before sunrise, mid afternoon

Question 45

what does the Coriolis effect do?

Answer 45

moves to the right (northern hemisphere)

Question 46

when do sea breezes occur?

Answer 46

during the day

Question 47

what type of cell is a cyclone? how does it spin? from top to bottom, how is it set up?

Answer 47

low pressure counterclockwise divergence, low pressure, convergence

Question 48

what type of cell is an anticyclone? how does it spin? from top to bottom, how is it set up?

Answer 48

high pressure clockwise convergence, high pressure, divergence

Question 49

what is albedo?

Answer 49

solar reflectivity

Question 50

what is the percentage of albedo on Earth?

Answer 50

32%

Question 51

what did Homer do for geography?

Answer 51

placed knowledge in a geographical context

Question 52

what does the systematic approach involve in physical geography?

Answer 52

studying the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, lithosphere

Question 53

what was the Malthusian theory on population?

Answer 53

unchecked growth will result in a j-curve that eventually collapses due to limited resources

Question 54

what proportion of US income is used for food?

Answer 54

8.6%

Question 55

what shape is Earth?

Answer 55

oblate ellipsoid (or geoid)

Question 56

what are the 3 ways to do a scale?

Answer 56

1) VERBALLY (state "1 inch = 5 miles") 2) GRAPHICALLY (bar graph, like on google maps) 3) REPRESENTATIVE FRACTION (1:1000)

Question 57

what is magnetic declination?

Answer 57

the difference between true north and magnetic north

Question 58

what is the Doppler Effect?

Answer 58

an observed change in the frequency (wavelength) of a wave when the source or observer is moving

Question 59

what is aphelion? when does it occur?

Answer 59

when the earth is farthest from the sun - July 4th

Question 60

what is perihelion? when does it occur?

Answer 60

when earth is closest to the sun - January 3rd

Question 61

what is the estimated approximate diameter of the Milky Way?

Answer 61

100,000 light years

Question 62

what range does the Earth’s tilt vary from every 41,000 year cycle?

Answer 62

22.1 to 24.5 degrees

Question 63

def. of latent heat?

Answer 63

associated energy related to a change in state of matter

Question 64

what percentage does nitrogen make up the atmosphere?

Answer 64

78%

Question 65

which layer of the atmosphere has solar winds?

Answer 65

magnetosphere