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GEOG 1100 > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

placed geo. within a modern philosophical framework

A

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)

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2
Q

who wrote the “Essay on the Principle of Population”

A

Thomas Malthus (1798)

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3
Q

what approach do we have… (systematic or regional)

A

systematic

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4
Q

two major (flat) categories of resources

A

renewable & nonrenewable

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5
Q

other words for renewable and nonrenewable

A

flow (renewable) and fund (nonrenewable)

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6
Q

examples of natural disasters

A

tornados, drought, hurricanes, volcanos, sandstorms, etc.

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7
Q

def. of arithmetic density

A

population to total area (population/square mile/kilometer)

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8
Q

def. of physiological density

A

population to arable land (aka cultivation)

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9
Q

population of Earth?

A

8 billion

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10
Q

percentage of those that live within 93 miles of a coastal area?

A

44%

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11
Q

how much of actual land is arable?

A

10%, 3.6 billion

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12
Q

population of USA?

A

333 million

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13
Q

country with highest population & number?

A

China, 1.4 billion

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14
Q

circumference of Earth? who discovered it?

A

24, 901 (25,000 miles), Eratosthenes

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15
Q

which is the larger scale? 1:100,000 or 1:10,000?

A

1:10,000. more detail.

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16
Q

which lines are 0 to 90?

A

latitude

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17
Q

which lines are 0 to 180?

A

longitude

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18
Q

which lines are called parallels?

A

latitude (lines of = latitude)

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19
Q

which lines are called meridians?

A

longitudes (lines of = longitude)

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20
Q

angle of Earth’s tilt?

A

23.5 degrees

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21
Q

three major categories of map projections?

A

cylindrical, plane, and conical

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22
Q

cylindrical…

A

placing cylinder over globe and transferring points before unfolding

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23
Q

plane (or azimuthal)…

A

flat surface next to globe, distortions away from pt. of contact

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24
Q

conical…

A

cone placed on globe, helps converge lines of long. towards poles

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25
Q

the human eye can see…

A

0.4um to 0.5um reflects blue
0.5um to 0.6um reflects green
0.6um to 0.7um reflects red

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26
Q

primary Earth observing satellite? when was it launched? (two answers)

A

LANDSAT - 1972 and Sept. 2021

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27
Q

what are active sensors?

A
  • use beam of wave energy as a source, sending the beam back toward an object
  • part of energy is reflected back to source and recorded by detector
  • examples: radar (radio detection and ranging) and lidar (light detection and ranging)
28
Q

what are passive sensors? what’s an example?

A
  • acquire images without providing source of energy
  • hyper-spectral sensors with hundreds of narrow channels
  • can help detect minerals in soils and unique plant dynamics
  • most common example: camera
29
Q

what is a sun synchronous orbit?

A

nearly polar orbit around a planet, in which the satellite passes over any given point of the planet’s surface at the same local mean solar time

30
Q

what is frequency?

A

measures of waves in cycles per second

31
Q

weather vs. climate… what’s the difference?

A

weather short-term, climate long-term

32
Q

what are the four states of matter?

A

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

33
Q

what states are the latent heat of condensation? is heat taken in or released?

A

gas to liquid
heat is released

34
Q

what is the most prominent gas in our atmosphere?

A

nitrogen

35
Q

what is the range percentage of water vapor in the atmosphere?

A

0.2% to 4%

36
Q

the troposphere decreases at environmental…

A

lapse rate of 3.5ºF per 1000ft

37
Q

why is the stratosphere important?

A

ozone gases. a lot.

38
Q

what does the magnetosphere protect us from? what is the belt called?

A
  • radiation
  • Van Allen radiation belt
39
Q

what’s the ‘solar constant’ mean? how much?

A

amount incoming radiation from sun
= approx. 2 calorie/squared/cm/min

40
Q

what are isotherms?

A

lines of equal temperature

41
Q

what degree scale is 0º freezing and 100º boiling?

A

Celsius

42
Q

what degree scale is 32º freezing and 212º boiling?

A

Fahrenheit

43
Q

what is used to measure air pressure?

A

barometer

44
Q

what times of the days are the daily cycle of temperatures?

A

before sunrise, mid afternoon

45
Q

what does the Coriolis effect do?

A

moves to the right (northern hemisphere)

46
Q

when do sea breezes occur?

A

during the day

47
Q

what type of cell is a cyclone? how does it spin? from top to bottom, how is it set up?

A

low pressure
counterclockwise
divergence, low pressure, convergence

48
Q

what type of cell is an anticyclone? how does it spin? from top to bottom, how is it set up?

A

high pressure
clockwise
convergence, high pressure, divergence

49
Q

what is albedo?

A

solar reflectivity

50
Q

what is the percentage of albedo on Earth?

A

32%

51
Q

what did Homer do for geography?

A

placed knowledge in a geographical context

52
Q

what does the systematic approach involve in physical geography?

A

studying the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, lithosphere

53
Q

what was the Malthusian theory on population?

A

unchecked growth will result in a j-curve that eventually collapses due to limited resources

54
Q

what proportion of US income is used for food?

A

8.6%

55
Q

what shape is Earth?

A

oblate ellipsoid (or geoid)

56
Q

what are the 3 ways to do a scale?

A

1) VERBALLY (state “1 inch = 5 miles”)
2) GRAPHICALLY (bar graph, like on google maps)
3) REPRESENTATIVE FRACTION (1:1000)

57
Q

what is magnetic declination?

A

the difference between true north and magnetic north

58
Q

what is the Doppler Effect?

A

an observed change in the frequency (wavelength) of a wave when the source or observer is moving

59
Q

what is aphelion? when does it occur?

A

when the earth is farthest from the sun
- July 4th

60
Q

what is perihelion? when does it occur?

A

when earth is closest to the sun
- January 3rd

61
Q

what is the estimated approximate diameter of the Milky Way?

A

100,000 light years

62
Q

what range does the Earth’s tilt vary from every 41,000 year cycle?

A

22.1 to 24.5 degrees

63
Q

def. of latent heat?

A

associated energy related to a change in state of matter

64
Q

what percentage does nitrogen make up the atmosphere?

A

78%

65
Q

which layer of the atmosphere has solar winds?

A

magnetosphere

GEOG 1100 (13 decks)

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