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Oral Histology > Ex 2- Salivary Glands 2 > Flashcards

Ex 2- Salivary Glands 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 histological details of salivary glands?

A

Acinar cells
Myoepithelial cells
Ducts

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2
Q

What are the different types of acinar cells?

A

mucous

serous

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3
Q

The common features of acini are; cluster of acinar cells surround a _____ _____, spaces between cells _____-____ spaces, and cells are joined by ______ _____

A

central lumen
inter-cellular
tight junctions

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4
Q

Tight junctions and intercellular spaces allow the passage of _____ and ____ ____ but restrict the passage of _____ ____

A

H2O
small ions
larger molecules

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5
Q

The end of the acinar cell that faces the lumen contains ______ ______

A

secretory granules

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6
Q

_______ spaces are most prominent in serous acini

A

intercellular

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7
Q

______ cells surrounds the acinar cells

A

Myoepithelial

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8
Q

The entire end piece of the acinus is surrounded by a ______ _____

A

basal lamina

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9
Q

_______ acinar cells are pyramidal shaped, rest on the basal lamina, and have a round nucleus

A

Serous

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10
Q

Serous acinar cells have ____, irregular microvilli

A

short

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11
Q

Serous aciar cells exhibit many characteristics of polarized, ______ secreting cells

A

protein

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12
Q

Serous acinar cells secrete _______ and _______

A

enzymes

glycoproteins

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13
Q

What are the well defined protein machinery present in the serous acinar cell?

A

rough ER
golgi apparatus
secretory granules
lumen

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14
Q

______ acinar cells are cuboidal to columnar with oval nuclei pressed toward the base. Cells are arrange in _______ around a larger central lumen.

A

Mucous

tubules

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15
Q

Mucous cells secrete _____; high molecular wt, heavily glycosylated glycoprotein, critical for lubrication of the oral surface

A

mucins

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16
Q

The secretory granules of mucins are more ____-staining than the secretory granules of serous cells

A

pale

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17
Q

Nuclei in _____ cells are located further ______ and more oval than in serous cells and the lumen in secretory endpieces are ______

A

mucous
basally
larger

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18
Q

_______ _______ are formed due to the position of 3 mucous cells topped by 3 serous cells seen during EM scannning. May be an artifact. Not seen during rapid freeze & freeze substitution fixation.

A

Serous demilune

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19
Q

_______ cells surround acini (serous +mucous) + intercalated discs, lie within the basal lamina, and have multiple processes

A

Myoepithelial

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20
Q

A myoepithelial cell is a specialized epithelial cell with ______ properties. Typically has number of _____ and these wrap around the acini and ducts

A

contractile

processes

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21
Q

Myoepithelial cells are innervated and function in expelling ______ into the ductal system

A

saliva

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22
Q

What are the three types of ducts associated with salivary glands?

A

Intercalated
Striated (secretory)
Excretory (collecting)

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23
Q

In major salivary glands the acini open into ____ ducts which lead to _____ ducts and then finally to _____ ducts that expty directly into the oral cavity

A

intercalated
Striated (secretory)
excretory (collecting)

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24
Q

What is different btw major and minor salivary gland duct systems?

A
  • No striated ducts in minor
  • Acinus empties directly into excretory duct
  • many excretory ducts per minor gland
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25
Q

_______ ducts are the smallest ducts, several acini drain into them, and they are quite short

A

Intercalated

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26
Q

The cells that make up the intercalated duct are _______ in shape with a _______ placed nucleus

A

cuboidal

centrally

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27
Q

The major function of the intercalated duct is to convey ________ but they do secrete a few _______ proteins

A

saliva

antimicrobial

28
Q

Intercalated ducts lead directly to ________ ducts

A

striated

29
Q

_______ ducts are longer, more active ducts that are a site of re-absorption for _______ and _____

A

Striated
sodium
chloride

30
Q

Striated ducts are responsible for the fact that primary saliva (isotonic) that reaches the mouth is ______ (secondary saliva)

A

hypotonic

31
Q

Reasorption in the striated duct is against a concentration gradient so it is an energy-requiring process for which ____ is critical

A

ATP

32
Q

Striated ducts secrete ________ which is vital for the buffering action of saliva

A

bicarbonate

33
Q

Striated duct cells are tall ______ cells that are highly _____. They have a prominent mitochondria

A

columnar

polarized

34
Q

At the apical end of striated duct cells are _____ microvilli and their basal has numerous infoldings of the basolateral membrane giving it a ______ appearanc

A

short

striated

35
Q

Striations of the striated duct provide a large ______ ___ for reabsorption that takes place in the ducts

A

surface area

36
Q

Once the striated duct cells reabsorb sodium and chloride ions in the primary secretion it gets taken up at the _____ end and transported through the cell to its _____ aspect where they pass to ______ adjacent to the striations

A

apical
basal
capillaries

37
Q

What is the purpose of the excretory ducts?

A

carry saliva to oral cavity

no notable secretion or reabsorption occurs here

38
Q

Excretory ducts get ____ as they get closer to the oral cavity.

A

wider

39
Q

As the excretory duct gets closer to junction with oral epithelim cells change from a _____ epithelial layer to ________ epithelium

A 
single
pseudostratified (sometime stratified and keratinized)
40
Q

Excretory ducts are often located in _______ tissue with an ______ shaped lumen

A

connective

irregularly

41
Q

What is the position of nuclei in excretory ducts?

A

Irregularly positioned

42
Q

_______ surround excretory ducts. _____ cells are sometimes intermingled with excretory duct cells and secrete ______

A

Fibroblsts
Goblet
Mucins

43
Q

The parotid gland in a pure ______ gland. They contain ______ cells that secrete antibodies into the saliva

A

serous

plasma

44
Q

The submandibular gland is a _____ gland with _____ acini dominant. They have intercalated discs with more _____ located nuclei and a _____ lumen

A

mixed
serous
centrally
larger

45
Q

The ______ gland is a mixed gland but is predominantly mucous

A

sublingual

46
Q

Most of the minor salivary glands are pure or nearly pure _____ glands. Except Blandin and Nun on anterior tongue that are ____ and Von Ebner glands on the posterior tongue that are pure _____

A

mucous
mixed
serous

47
Q

______ ______ glands are associated with the taste-bud bearing foliate and circumvallate papillae of the posterior tongue

A

Von Ebner’s glands

48
Q

There is a general loss of _______ (30-60%) with age

A

parenchyma

49
Q

_______ _______ is the main culprit to reduced salivary flow and dry mouth in elderyly

A

prescription medications

50
Q

_______ is a viral disease, usually affects parotid gland, and is associated with painful swelling

A

Mumps

51
Q

_____ occurs when calcified stones, develop in ducts particularly _______ duct of the submandibular gland

A

Sialoliths

Wharton’s

52
Q

_____ _____ obstruct secretions from minor salivary glands as a result of trauma

A

Mucous plugs

53
Q

Several ____ replicate in salivary glands and shed into saliva

A

viruses (Epstein-Barr + Herpes)

54
Q

The severity of hyposalivation depends on the degree of ______ loss

A

salivary

55
Q

_______ is the subjective feeling of dry mouth

A

Xerostomia

56
Q

Hyposaliva is unstimulated salivary flow rates of

A

0.1

2/3

57
Q

What are the various symptoms that occur due to dry mouth?

A
  • Xerostomia
  • mucosal changes
  • enamel erosion
  • inc caries
  • difficulty chewing + swallowing
  • changes in taste
58
Q

What causes the etiology of dry mouth?

A

genetic (rare)
medications (common)
systemic diseases
head + neck radiotherapy

59
Q

What medications cause reduced salivary flow?

A 
Anti-cholinergic
Diuretics
Anti-depressants
Anti-histamines
Anti-hypertensives
60
Q

What systemic diseases can reduce salivary flow?

A

Mumps (temporary)
Sjogrens
Diabetes mellitus
HIV

61
Q

Head and neck radiotherapy can have severe effects on _____ _____. It is both rapid and long lasting.

A

salivary flow

62
Q

The initial effect on salivary flow by head/neck radiation is reduced _____ function. LAter effects are due to actual ____ ____ primary of _____ cells

A

gland
cell death
acinar

63
Q

Newer therapies specifically target the tumor site but salivary flow is still compromised ____ year after treatment

A

one

64
Q

What are 2 new therapies in dev. to help restore salivary flow?

A
  • stem cell

- genetic modification of remaining salivary tissues

65
Q

Frequent dental evaluations and prophylaxis are needed in patients with _______ due to prevalence of the following complications; _____, ____ ____ and ____ ______

A

hyposalivation
oral lesions
oral candidiasis

66
Q

What are 3 ways to manage hyposalivation?

A

frequent dental evals + prophylaxis
artificial saliva
salivary stimulants

67
Q

What are problems with products that mimic saliva?

A

must be used frequently

poor patient compliance

Oral Histology (16 decks)

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