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Oral Histology > Ex 1- Enamel Tissue > Flashcards

Ex 1- Enamel Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

_______ is the hardest one of the 4 mineralized tissues of the body (enamel, dentin, bone, cementum)

A

enamel

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2
Q

Of the 4 tissues of a tooth, enamel is the only one that is NOT a connective tissue; it’s an ________ derived tissue (formed by specialized epithelial cells (ameloblasts)

A

ectodermally

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3
Q

Of the 4 mineralized tissues, enamel is the only on that does not have an unmineralized or preenamel formation stage: enamel has an ______ stage (partially mineralized) and a _____ stage (fully mineralized)

A

immature

mature

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4
Q

Enamel formation is _______: the ameloblast completes its enamel formative cycle once the thickness of enamel is reached at a site (most advanced coronally)

A

finite

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5
Q

Enamel is the ______ mineralized tissue to appear in a developing tooth, Dentin is the _____ to appear

A

second

first

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6
Q

Enamel is subject to ________ because of genetic and external factors (age changes, self-induced habits)

A

malformations

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7
Q

Enamel does not have _______ cells (acellular), nerves (aneural), blood vessesl (avascular), or lymph vessels (alymphatic)

A

enclosed

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8
Q

Enamel tissue is a composite biological mineral with ______ crystals oriented in a complex ____ pattern

A

apatite

3D

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9
Q

Enamel is the hardest and most highly mineralized biological tissue. On the Mohs mineral hardness scale apatite is _____ and diamond is _____

A

5

10

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10
Q

Enamel is ____ without dentin support. Translucent. Hue depends on location, surface conditions of enamel, attraction to stain substances and age changes

A

brittle

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11
Q

Enamel needs a ____ environment to maintain its integrity

A

wet

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12
Q

Enamel is subject to _______, ______, and _____

A

attrition
abrasion
erosion

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13
Q

______ is the normal, slow wearing away of tooth substance under the stress of mastication

A

attrition

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14
Q

_____ and _____ are not normal

A

abrasion and erosion

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15
Q

_______ are pathways in enamel that allow for diffusion of small molecules such as water; ________ effects on pore walls lead to carious lesions

A

Microporosity

electrochemical (xerostomia)

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16
Q

_________ is when mineral is returned to the molecular structure of enamel by the way of saliva. When _______ exceeds ________ cavitation occurs

A

Remineralization
Demineralization
Remineralization

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17
Q

Enamel is ____ % inorganic, _____% organic, and ____%H2O by weight

A

96
1
3

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18
Q

The principal mineral component of enamel is ______ _______ . Enamel crystals, compared to other 3 mineralized tissues are ________ and consist of more impurities (flouride, carbonate)

A

calcium hydroxyapatite

larger

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19
Q

________ is the main protein of enamel comprising ___ % of the organic substance of enamel

A

Amelogenin

90

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20
Q

Amelogenin is a seed protein for normal _______

A

mineralization

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21
Q

Enamel is the only one of the 4 mineralized tissue that does NOT contain ______ fibers

A

collagen

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22
Q

Water is distributed throughout enamel by way of _______ btw crystals and proteins and is important for route of: fluoride ions, calcium and phosphorous ions for __________

A

micropores

remineralization

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23
Q

Most of the water forms a ______ shell around each crystal

A

hydration

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24
Q

What are some age changes that occur in enamel?

A
  • attrition
  • darkens in color
  • fluouride inc at surface
  • reduced porosity
  • reduced susceptibility to caries
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25
Q

The most common CEJ relationship is ________ overlaps ________

A

cementum

enamel

26
Q

What are the other 2 less common CEJ relationships?

A
  • cementum meets enamel

- cementum does not meet enamel ( least common)

27
Q

The clinical significance of CEJ relationships is that they ____ around a tooth and from tooth to tooth

A

vary

28
Q

What are the 2 DEJ configurations?

A
  • scalloped:

- smooth: in cervial areas; non load bearing

29
Q

________ DEJ configuration is in cervial areas; non load bearing

A

smooth

30
Q

________ DEJ configuration is in coral areas; adaptation to occlusal forces

A

Scolloped

31
Q

_______ ___ ______ are growth lines found on enamel

A

Lines of Retzius

32
Q

________ are numerous small transverse ridges (wave-like) on the exposed surfaces of enamel between lines of Retzius (grooves) found in the cervical area of the tooth

A

Perikymata

33
Q

The structural components of enamel are due to the _____ and ____ of the apatite crystals at each site

A

direction

density

34
Q

Enamel _____ are the structural units of enamel.

A

rods

35
Q

Enamel rods have a diameter of 5-6 micromenter and a length up to 2.5mm (ML cusp of max 1st molar) with crystal most dense in the _____ of the rod and run parallel to the long axis of the rod

A

center

36
Q

Each rod is formed by _____ ameloblast

A

one

37
Q

Enamel _______ is the outer surface of the rod. Crystals are less dense, run in different directions and there is a _____ % of organic substance

A

sheath

higher

38
Q

Highest percentage of organic material in the enamel sheath is _____

A

amelin

39
Q

_________ _______ is located btw the sheaths and rods. Crystals are ____ dense and run at different directions than those of the sheath

A

Interrod substance

40
Q

_____ or ____ ameloblasts secrete the interrod substance

A

2 or more

41
Q

What causes the different optical properties of the structural components of enamel?

A

density of crystals and the direction in relation to each other

42
Q

Enamel rods are at _____ angles to the dentin surface

A

90 degree

43
Q

Each enamel rod is built up of segments separated by dark lines that give it a striated appearance, hence the name ______ ______

A

interrod striations

44
Q

What are the 3 types of hypomineralized enamel structures?

A

enamel lamella
enamel tuft
enamel spindle

45
Q

Enamel ____ extend from varying depths from the SURFACE of ENAMEL and consist of longitudinally oriented defects filled w/ enamel protein or organic debris from the oral cavity

A

lamella

46
Q

The clinical significance of enamel lamella is they provide access for _____ microorganisms (caries) and ____ substances (esthetic considerations)

A

acidophilic

stain

47
Q

Enamel ______ project from the DEJ for a short distance INTO ENAMEL and contain a greater concentration of enamel protein (tuftelin)

A

tufts

48
Q

The clinical significance of enamel tufts is they contribute to the spread of caries at the ______

A

DEJ

49
Q

Enamel ______ extend from the DENTIN across the DEJ into ENAMEL for a short distace

A

spindle

50
Q

The clinical significance of enamel spindles is they contribute to the spread of caries along the _____

A

DEJ

51
Q

How do enamel spindles form?

A

cell processes of odontoblasts extend between ameloblasts and when enamel begins to form, it becomes embedded in the enamel

52
Q

______ originate at the enamel surface and pass inward

A

lamella

53
Q

_____ originate at the DEJ and passes into enamel

A

Tufts

54
Q

______ originate in the dentin and passes DEJ into enamel

A

Spindles

55
Q

______-_____ bands are alternating dark and light bands (layers) varying in width which originate at the DEJ border and pass outward ending at some distance from the outer enamel surface

A

Hunter-Schreager bands

56
Q

Hunter-Shreager bands are caused by different directions of _______ _______ in adjacent layers

A

enamel rods

57
Q

________ _____ is the change in rod direction, minimizing the risk of cleavage in the axial direction under the influence of masticatory forces. Significant when performing operative dentistry

A

Functional adaptation

58
Q

Differentation of inner epithelial cells of the enamel organ into ameloblasts and of the peripheral cells of the dental papilla into odontoblasts begins in the _______ most site of the future _____

A

coronal

DEJ

59
Q

_________ stain is intrinsic stain caused by the antibiotic when enamel is maturing

A

Tetracycline

60
Q

Mulberry molars are caused by _________ ________

A

congenital syphilis

61
Q

Dens in dente means _____ _____ a ______

A

tooth within a tooth

Oral Histology (16 decks)

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