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Oral Histology > Ex 2- Oral Mucosa (Travers) > Flashcards

Ex 2- Oral Mucosa (Travers) Flashcards

1
Q

The mouth is lined by a ______ ______ ______ (nasal passages, GI tract)

A

moist mucous membrane

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2
Q

The mucous membrane is an organ composed of what 2 tissues?

A

epithelium

connective tissue

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3
Q

The connective tissue of the mucous membrane consists of _____ ______ and sometimes ______

A

lamina propria

submucosa

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4
Q

There are NO _____ ______ in epithelium

A

blood vessels

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5
Q

_____ ______ and minor _____ ______ are found in the lamina propria/submucosa

A 
blood vessels
salivary glands (mostly submucosa)
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6
Q

_______ from both major and minor salivary glands travel thru _____ _____ to communicate with ______ ______

A

Ducts
connective tissue
mucosal surface

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7
Q

______ tissue is also embedded in oral mucosa lingual + palatine tonsils (posterior 1/3 tongue)

A

lymphoid

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8
Q

What are the 2 main functions of the oral mucosa?

A
  1. protection: barrier + anti-microbial

2. Ingestion

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9
Q

The oral mucosa functions as protection by creating a ______ where epithelium > basal lamina

A

barrier

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10
Q

The oral mucosa functions as protection by secreting _______ ______: immune cells- ______ _____ > ________

A

anti-microbials

lamina propria > epithelium

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11
Q

_______ cells synthesized + secrted several antimicrobial molecules ie _____ - _____

A

Epithelial

Beta-defensins

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12
Q

Beta-defensins are _______- rich and ______: bind to ______ charges on bacterial membranes + permeabilize

A

cysteine
cationic (positively charged)
negative

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13
Q

The oral mucosa functions in _______ providing flexibility and a moist surface

A

ingestion

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14
Q

The oral mucosa is highly ______ which augments protective and ingestive junctions

A

innervated

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15
Q

What types of sensations can the oral mucosa detect?

A

touch
pain
thermal
taste

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16
Q

In contrast with the pulp & PDL the oral mucosa has _____ types of sensations it can detect

A

more

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17
Q

A ______ fibers of the oral mucosa detect touch

A

touch

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18
Q

A delta fibers of the oral mucosa detect _____, ______, and ______

A

pain, thermal, and taste

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19
Q

ALL Oral epithelium is ______ _____ epithelium

A

stratified squamos

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20
Q

The self renewing _____ layers are where cell division occurs. The ________ layers migrate + mature, at the surface they are ______ _____

A

deep
superficial
sloughed off

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21
Q

_____ _____ is the time it takes for epithelium to entirely replace itself

A

Turnover time

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22
Q

Relatively ____ turnover can speed healing, but can also make tissue more vulnerable to conditions that affect cell division ie chemotherapy + radiotherapy

A

fast

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23
Q 
What are the turnover times for the following epithelia?
Gingiva \_\_\_ - \_\_\_ D
Cheek \_\_\_ D
Taste Buds \_\_\_ D
Junctional Epithelium \_\_\_ - \_\_D
A

41-57
25
10
5-10

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24
Q

Diffuse mucositis/ulcer are due to the effects of _____/_____ radiotherapy

A

head/neck radiotherapy

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25
Q

Most of the volume of the epithelium is occupied by _____

A

cells

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26
Q

What is the most numerous cell of the epithelium?

A

Keratinocytes (aka epithelial cells)

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27
Q

Non-keratinocytes of the epithelium include what 3 cells?

A

Merkel
Melanocytes
Langerhans (Dendritic) cells

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28
Q

______ cells are sensory cells found in the ____ layer of epithelium

A

Merkel

basal

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29
Q

_______ cells are pigment cells found in the ______ layer of epithelium

A

Melanocytes

basal

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30
Q

______ cells are immune cells found in the ______- _____ layers

A

Langerhans (dendritic)

supra-basal

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31
Q

Langerhans cells + melanocytes have a distinct “____” appearance when stained by H & E but can be distinguished by each other by location

A

clear

cytokeratin

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32
Q

Non-keratinocytes are identified as clear cells due to the ____ of ________ staining

A

lack of cytokeratin

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33
Q

Different oral regions are lined by keratinized and non-keratinized epithelium: _____ _____, _____ _____, _____ _____ is non-keratinized and _____, _____ _______ is keratinized

A
  • alveolar mucosa, soft palate, buccal mucosa

- gingiva, hard palate

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34
Q

______ layer of epithelium is where cell division occurs

A

Basal

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35
Q

_____ cell layer of epithelium is due to the appearance of desmosomes

A

Prickle

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36
Q

______ epithelium has no organelles, dehydrated, tougher

A

keratinized

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37
Q

______-_______ epithelium contains organelles and is flexibile

A

non-keratinized

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38
Q

All epithelial cells = keratinocytes = they contain _______

A

cytokeratins

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39
Q

_______ is a large multigene family of proteins that assemble into ______ _____ to provide cytoskeletal support

A

Cytokeratin

intermediate filaments

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40
Q

What are the 2 major groups of cytokeratins?

A 
Type I (acidic)
Type II (basic)
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41
Q

Intermediate filaments contain a central _____ core flanked by non-helical ends. Each cell expresses at least ___ cytokeratins- one of each type

A

helical

2

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42
Q

Intermediate filaments are assembled into coiled _______. 10K heterodimers = ______ ______

A

heterodimers

intermediate filaments

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43
Q

Intermediate filaments = _______ cytoskeletal element that resist mechanical force w/o breaking

A

strongest

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44
Q

Intermediate filaments are the intracellular components of _______ and _________

A

desmosomes

hemidesmosomes

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45
Q

_______ ______ _____ is a rare, blistering in response to minor trauma, and most sever in epidermis but also has oral consequences. Caused by mutation is ______ __/__

A
  • Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EB simplex)

- cytokeratins 5/14

46
Q

Different epithelial layers and tissues contain characteristic _______

A

cytokeratins

47
Q

Cytokeratin expression can change w/ _____ _____

A

disease state

48
Q

Mutations in cytokeratin genes can produce ______-______ diseases

A

regionally-specific

49
Q

________ epithelium is tougher and more impermeable

A

keratinized

50
Q

Non-keratinized epithelium is more ________

A

flexible

51
Q

What are the 4 layers of epithelium from surface to deep?

A
  1. Keratinized or non-keratinzed surface layer
  2. Granular intermediate layer
  3. Prickle cell layer
  4. Basal layer
52
Q

The amount of cytokeratin increases in _______ layers, different types are important for ________ ______ of keratinized vs non-keratinized epithelia

A

superficial

mechanical properties

53
Q

What are the 2 keratinized biochemical properties of cytokeratins?

A

Promotes aggregation

promote binding to fillagrin

54
Q

_________ is what promotes aggregation of cytokeratins

A

Tonofibrils

55
Q

Cytokeratins promote binding to _______ the main component of keratohyalin granules

A

fillagrin

56
Q

Superficial (________) layers contain very flat cells, dehydrated, no organelles, packed with cytokeratin (tobofibril)/fillagrin complexes

A

keratinized

57
Q

________ bind to form tonofibrils

A

tonofilaments

58
Q

Non-keratnized cytokeratin type does not promote _______; can’t complex with fillagrin

A

aggregation

59
Q

The superficial layers of _____ _______ epithelium contains cells that are not as flat or dehydrated, retain nuclei, cytokeratin tonofilaments

A

non-keratinized

60
Q

Keratinized epithelium is ______ but less ______ than non-keratinized epithelium

A

tougher

flexible

61
Q

Permeability differences more directly related to other factors: ______ contribute, somewhat more numerous in keratinized epithelia

A

desmosomes

62
Q

_______ ________ ______ are membrane-bound organelles, filled w/ _______. 1st appear in upper _____ cell layers. Released in more superficial layers to coat cell

A

Membrane coating granules
glycolipids
prickle

63
Q

Membrane coating granules are in both K + NK epithelia and serve as an ________ barrier to ______ substances

A

intercellular

aqueous

64
Q

Differences in _______ _______ creates effective barriers in keratinized epithelium

A

chemical composition

65
Q

_______ _______ occurs in the inner face of keratinocytes in upper layers of both NK + K epithelium

A

membrane thickening

66
Q

_______ ______ is a 15nm cross-linked protein sheath comprised of ______ & other proteins that is more pronounced in ________ epithelium

A

Cornified envelope
loricrin
keratinized

67
Q

Differences in membrane thickening produces an effective _______ permeability barrier in keratinized epithelium

A

paracellular

68
Q

What are 2 variations of keratinization that occur?

A

incomplete keratinization

hyperkeratinization

69
Q

Most of the volume of the lamina propria is occupied by _____

A

ECM

70
Q

What cells are present in the lamina propria?

A

fibroblasts
macrophages
mast cells
other inflammatory cells

71
Q

What are found in the ectracellular matrix of the lamina propria?

A

PG’s + GAGs
Glycoproteins (fibronectin)
collagen (I + III)
elastin

72
Q

The relative amount of Type I: Type III collagen in greater for less ______ regions of the oral cavity

A

flexible

73
Q

______ is more prominent in oral mucosa than in pulp or PDL

A

elastin

74
Q

The epithelial/connective tissue interface (basal lamina) is considered ________

A

convoluted

75
Q

What makes up the epithelial/connective tissue convoluted interface?

A

epithelial rete pegs
connective tissue papillae
papillary + reticular layers

76
Q

_______ of gingiva reflects underlying rete pegs + connective tissue papillae

A

stippling

77
Q

_______ is present under some regions of oral mucosa containing larger blood vessels + nerves supplying superficial LP. Glands also here

A

submucosa

78
Q

Submucosa separates LP from ______ and _____

A

bone and muscle

79
Q

Lamina propria of the ______ muscle does not contain submucosa and lamina propria of some bone contains ________ instead

A

tongue

periosteum

80
Q

What are the 3 specializations of oral mucosa?

A

lining
masticatory
specialized
(periodontium, sulcular + junctional epithelium)

81
Q

____ ____ and ____ are considered masticatory mucosa

A

hard palate

gingiva

82
Q

What structures are considered lining mucosa?

A 
floor of mouth
underside of tongue
alveolar mucosa
soft palate 
cheek
83
Q

What structures are considered specialized mucosa?

A

dorsal tongue

vermilion border of lip

84
Q

______ ______ is non-keratinized (or parakeratinized) epithelium of variable thickness

A

lining mucosa

85
Q

Where is lining mucosa thick and where is it thin?

A

Buccal + labial mucosa (.5mm)

Floor of mouth (.1mm)

86
Q

The lamina propria of lining mucosa has fewer ______ fibers and more ______ fibers

A

collagen

elastic

87
Q

Lining mucosa has relatively short broad connective tissue papillae with _____ usually present

A

submucosa

88
Q

Lining mucosa attachment to bone or muscle are loose + flexible with clinical implications of _____ more likely to gape + need sutured. ______ are less painful in this area

A

incisions

injections

89
Q

The _______ ______ region of the lip is keratinized, thinnest, contains; sweat glands and hair follicles

A

exterior skin

90
Q

The _______ _____ region of the lip is keratinized, thin, blood vessels close to surface, and contains NO sweat or mucous glands

A

vermilion border

91
Q

The ______ ______ region is non-keratinized, thicker, and contains mucous glands

A

labial mucosa

92
Q

_______ close to the surface gives color to the lips

A

vascularity

93
Q

_______ mucosa is keratinized (or parakaritinized) with dense lamina propria and many long, thin connective tissue papillae

A

Masticatory

94
Q

Masticatory mucosa contains more ______ fibers and fewer ______ fibers

A

collagen

elastic

95
Q

_______ is variably present in the hard palate but NOT present in rugae region, along midline raphe, adjacent to gingiva

A

Submucosa

96
Q

In the masticatory mucosa, submucosa is not present but ________ is present

A

mucoperiosteum

97
Q

_______ in masticatory mucosa don’t gape, may not require suturing but _____ are more painful

A

Incisions

injections

98
Q

________ epithelium is part of free gingiva which faces tooth, generally non-keratinized

A

Sulcular

99
Q

_______ epithelium forms a seal w/ hard tissues of the tooth (enamel/cementum), is oriented along long axis of tooth

A

Junctional

100
Q

Junctional epithelium is ___-___ cells thick at the top and tapers to __-__ cells thick at the bottom

A

15-30

3-4

101
Q

Junctional epithelium has a _______ basement membrane

A

straight

102
Q

What is the differentiation level of junctional epithelium?

A

Relatively non-differentiated cells

103
Q

Junctional epithelium is _____ permeable

A

highly

104
Q

Junctional epithelium contains ___ basal lamina and ______ (JE/lamina propria) with typical components and ________ (JE/tooth) with integrin and laminin but lacks type __ + ___ collagen

A

2
external
internal
IV + VII

105
Q

All components are present in the external of the JE but collagen __ + __ are absent in the internal basal lamina

A

IV + VII

106
Q

Collagen components of the basal lamina provide direct connection to _____ of the lamina propria

A

collagen

107
Q

Junctional epithelium expresses a protein _______ that is associated with ameloblasts

A

ODAM (odontogenic ameloblast-associated protein)

108
Q

The ___ is also characterized by junctional epithelium

A

col

109
Q

Despite its specialized nature junctional epithelium can regenerate relatively _____ and also occurs around ______ ______

A

rapid

dental implants

110
Q

What is the vascular supply of gingiva?

A

PDL, interdental speta, oral mucosa

Oral Histology (16 decks)

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