Evolution

Question 0

Fitness

Answer 0

The ability of an organism to pass on its alleles

Question 1

Natural selection

Answer 1

Differential reproduction of an organism based upon fitness in its environment

Question 2

Types of selection

Answer 2

1. Stabilizing selection
2. Directional selection
3. Disruptive selection
4. Artificial selection
5. Sexual selection

Question 3

Stabilizing selection

Answer 3

Selection against the extremes (for the averages)

Question 4

Disruptive (divergent) selection

Answer 4

Selection against the averages (for the extremes)

Question 5

Directional selection

Answer 5

Selection against one extreme (favoring the opposite extreme)

Question 6

Artificial selection

Answer 6

Directional selection done by humans with selecting for traits in animals and crops

Question 7

Sexual selection

Answer 7

Differential mating between males and females

Question 8

Species

Answer 8

Organisms that are capable of reproduction of “fit” offspring

Question 9

Polymorphism

Answer 9

When multiple phenotypes exist within a population

Question 10

Adaptation

Answer 10

An inherited trait that confers greater fitness

Question 11

Specialization

Answer 11

An adaptation that gives a specific function or environment

Question 12

Inbreeding

Answer 12

Increased liklihood of mating between organisms with similar genotypes (limits genetic variation)

Question 13

Outbreeding

Answer 13

Increased liklihood of mating with organisms with different genotypes

Question 14

Genetic drift

Answer 14

Random change in allele frequencies in a population

-smaller populations are more susceptible to genetic drift

Question 15

Bottleneck

Answer 15

Dramatic decrease in a size of a population making it susceptible to genetic drift

Question 16

Types of evolution

Answer 16

1. Convergent
2. Divergent
3. Parallell

Question 17

Convergent evolution

Answer 17

Two species possess the same analogous structures unrelated to a common ancestor

Question 18

Divergent evolution

Answer 18

Divergent leading to distinct population/species

Question 19

Parallel evolution

Answer 19

Similiar evolutionary changed in different species due to similar environmental pressures

Question 20

Symbiosis types

Answer 20

1. Parasitism
2. Commemsalism
3. Mutualism

Question 21

Parasitism

Answer 21

When a species requires another species as a host to live, harming the host in process

Question 22

Commensalism

Answer 22

An organism requires another species as a host to live, but doesnt harm or benefit the host in process

Question 23

Mutualism

Answer 23

Symbiotic relationship between two organisms that confers fitness on both