Prokaryotes Flashcards
Plasmid
- bacteria may have a plasmid but they dont have to
- it is just extra chromosomal DNA
Dif btw prok and euk cell
- prok:
- no nucles
- no membrane boune organelles
- one circular chromosome
- dsDNA in the cytoplasm
- transcription and translation is coupled
Cilia
- not involved in any locomotion
- involved in attachment
Flagellum
- used for locomotion
- difference in how its made from euk
Cell membrane or cell wall?
They have both
-cell wall made of peptidoglycan
Are eukaryotes more related to eubacteria or archaebacteria
Archaebacteria
-extremeophiles
Classificstions of bacteria
- Cocci (spherical)
- Bacilli (rod-shaped)
- Spirilla (spiral-shaped)
Gram + bacteria
- stain dark purple during gram staining
- have cell membrane and cell wall (peptidoglycan)
Gram - bacteria
- stain pink during gram staining
- have cell membrane, cell wall (peptidoglycan) and outer lipopolysaccharide layer (contains endotoxins)
Flagellar propulsion
- used by bacteria to move
- can be used for directional motion
- —-chemotaxis: movement is directed toward chemoattractants or away from chemorepellants (sensed by chemoreceptors)
- powered by ATP hydrolysis
Bacterial growth
- they dont undergo mitosis.
- they use fission
Fission
-asexual
Reproduction through growth, DNA replication, and cell division
—-get more cytoplasm, replication their DNA and undergo cytokenesis
-doubling times vary but can be as short as 20 min under ideal conditions
Bacterial growth stages
- Lag phase
- Log phase
- Stationary phase
- Desth phase
Endospores
Dormant form produced by some bacteria under harsh conditions
-have a thick peptidoglycan coat and can survive through extreme conditions
Aerobes
Anaerobes
Faculative anaerobes
Aerobes-can survive in oxygen environment
Anaerobes- do not require oxygen to survive
Faculative anaerobes- can carry out metabolic processes with or without oxygen
