Evans, CH4

Question 1

What is the “hook” story?

Answer 1

“It is woman’s appropriate duty and particular privilege to … implant in the juvenile breast the first seed of virtue, the love of God, and their country, with all hte other virtues that shall prepare them to shine as statesmen, soldiers, philosophers and christians.” Hannah Mather Crocker, writing in 1818 on the “real rights of women.” expressed in full-blown form the revolutionary ideology of republican motherhood.

Question 2

What is the thesis?

Answer 2

Voluntary associations became arenas in which women and men claimed and reshaped the definitions of public and private, male and female.

Question 3

1. Intro What general theme does the “hook” story in the intro illustrate?

Answer 3

Women gave new content to republican motherhood that transformed the boundaries of domesticity even as domesticity itself was being cloaked in Victorian images of submissiveness and purity.

Question 5

What’s the basic time period of this chapter? Is it defined by a specific event, what are the specific dates covered?

Answer 5

1820-1845 - The Antebellum Era (The Victorian Era)
Age of Association
Between 1820 and 1845 women and men created voluntary associations on a new scale, carving out a public space located between the proivate sphere of the home and public life of formal institutions of government.

Question 6

List the Section Headings

Answer 6

Ideas about Public and Private in the Victorian Era
Feminizing Public Spaces
Women in the Emerging Working Class
Race and Gender

Question 7

Does just thinking about the significance of these titles give you any indication of how you’re going to answer the main question and how Sara Evans is going to support her thesis?

Answer 7

I suspect that Evans will give many stories and examples of how public places gave way to the inclusion of women. I am also suspecting that we will see a rise in women as she-merchants and a greater participation of women as working women.

Question 8

What is the conclusion? This is located in the last couple of paragraphs and are set off of the main text with a small flag emblem. (Read this after reading the intro and before reading the sections to focus the reading)

Answer 8

They were able, in sum, to subvert the meaning of public life and tradition without appearing to challenge frontally Victorian notions of “true womanhood.”

It would not be long before large numbers of women would use the skills and experience acquired in voluntary associations to demand liberty and citizenship as their birthright.

Question 9

What are the 4 things that Evans does in her writing?

Answer 9

1. Is she setting you up with background?
2. Explains the why of her thesis
3. Explains the effects of something that happens. She articulated the effects.
4. Answers the “what” … what the major changes were

Question 10

Does the section reading answer the question outlined in the intro? How does the evidence presented support the thesis?

Answer 10

Women become teachers, less salaries
1in5 teach
Female academies

Question 11

How does the evidence presented support the thesis?

Answer 11

Answer

Question 12

Does the next section apply the same tactics that you used on the first section to this section.

Answer 12

Add Answer.

Question 13

Maternal Associations in churches

Answer 13

Shift of authority over children from patriarchal to mothers affection

Question 14

Great Awakening 2

Answer 14

• Spread of Universalism
• They indite men about the double standard
• There is the creation of the idea of Sisterhood

Question 15

American Female Moral Reform Society

Answer 15

• Created in May 1834 in the Third Prespbyterian Church of New York City
• organized against prostitution, the double standard, and other forms of licentiousness.
• 400 chapters in 10 years

Question 16

Female moral Reform Association

Answer 16

• St out to change the norms of sexual behavior by enforcin premarital chastity.
• Illegitimacy rates fell dramaticaly in the early decades

Question 17

Female Anti-Slavery formed in Philadelphia. 3

Answer 17

• Formed in 1833
• 1837 a National convention of antislavery met in NY reflecting an extensive system of female antislavery societies.
• Through petition campaigns women learn the mecanics of the political system, methoed of political discourse and persuasion.

Question 18

Religious Reform Activities

Answer 18

• Women redefined child-rearing practices and public definitions of morality

Question 19

Expanded right to vote to all men in the 1820s

Answer 19

Broadens political activity, men create associations closed to women.

Question 20

Antebellum Era

Answer 20

Means pre-war

Question 21

Birth of the anti-slavery movement

Answer 21

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Question 22

Cult of domesticity

Answer 22

The ideology of the spheres
The cult of true womanhood
* Women bought into this private vs. public spheres
* They went into women's homes and told women that being an economic partnership was wrong.
* Middle class women had time to put into education, participate in Associations

Question 23

What is women’s place?

Answer 23

This period really has a societal redefinitions.

Question 24

Larger forces outside of women’s lives begin to shape white women’s life.

Answer 24

The way in which these ideas have affected a diverse array of women.

Question 25

Private vs. public sphere

Answer 25

Gender divided and this informs women’s lives.

Question 26

The 1st Industrial Revolution

Answer 26

• Competition, material gain, cutthroat was for men
• Women were to be protected and would embody the opposite
• Home becomes a safe haven for the man…
• Chastity is a big deal for the 1st time…

Question 27

Structure of Marriage

Answer 27

• Moved to companionship

* Domesticity becomes romanticized without any real connection to the reality of women’s work in the home

Question 28

The ways in which society redefines reality in order to fit things into an acceptable system of belief/ code of conduct.

Answer 28

Keep this question in mind as we move forward…

Question 29

Why is this chapter titled “The Age of Association”?

Answer 29

Both men and women form association which allowed them to define the roles of each gender in both the public and private spheres.

Question 30

In waht way and why did the definition of “public” change during this time period?

Answer 30

Public = labor + paid worth

Question 31

What values were women supposed to embody as a result of their exclusion from the public sphere?

Answer 31

Women began to add content as to what it means to be a woman. The were to be submissive, quiet, demur, chaste and function as the moral center of the family.

Question 32

Describe 2 examples of the way in which some women “feminized” public spaces during this era.

Answer 32

Public spaces were feminized by the creation of female academies for the purpose of educating women. And women were hired in force as schoolteachers across the country.

Question 33

In what ways did the experience of the “mill girls” contradict/disrupt society’s notions about women’s proper place and function?

Answer 33

The ‘Mill Girls’ were the first to organize for better wages and working conditions. They formed the basis of the first labor unions. Mill Girls also questioned handing over their wages to their fathers.

Question 34

Explain why working-class women and “genteel” (middle/upper-class) women had different ideas about the meaning of motherhood and childrearing.

Answer 34

Genteel women engaged in the abstract notion of Republican motherhood while working women dealt with the realities of combining work duties with domestic duties.

Question 35

The richly textured communal life that women helped build in slave communities was rooted in what? What did the most to threaten the basis of this culture?

Answer 35

This was rooted in fictive kinship practices. What threatened communal life was cotton and its rise in the slave trade - Slaves were “sold downriver” and separated from families. Plantation owners engaged in slave breeding.

Question 36

In what way did women’s role in Cherokee tribes change during the early 1800s?

Answer 36

Women went from being the matrilineal owner of property and clan to the men taking chard and excluding women from voting: adopting the “white” way of doing things.