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European Whisky Flashcards

1
Q

What are the requirements for Irish Whiskey?

A

Produced in Ireland from a mash of cereals.
Aged in wooden cask no less than 3 years
No additives except water and caramel coloring
Distilled to strength of less than 94.8% ABV

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2
Q

What are the requirements for Scotch Whisky?

A

Produced in Scotland from a mash of malted barley and other cereal grains.
Aged in oak for a minimum of 3 years
Distilled to no more than 94.8% ABV
Fermentation and distillation must occur at same location
Water and coloring are only permitted additives
Only endogenous enzymes allowed.

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3
Q

How are barrels of whiskey generally aged in Scotland and Ireland?

A

One story stone buildings
Closely stacked with little circulation
Used barrels, saturated pores.

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4
Q

What is a Single Malt Scotch Whisky?

A

A whiskey distilled at a single distillery in a pot still, solely made with malted barley and no other grains. Must be bottled in Scotland.

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5
Q

What is Single Grain Scotch Whisky?

A

A Scotch whisky distilled at a single distillery and produced from other grains in addition to malted barley. Must contain at least some malted barley.

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6
Q

What is Blended Malt Scotch Whisky?

A

A blend of two or more single malt Scotch whiskeys that have been produced at more than one distillery.

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7
Q

What terms are no longer authorized as synonyms for blended malt Scotch Whisky?

A

Pure malt and vatted malt.

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8
Q

What was the change in 2019 to the definition of blended malt scotch whisky?

A

It was expanded to include blends from two or more immature single malt distilleries which may be sourced from a single distillery or from more than one distillery.

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9
Q

What is a Blended Grain Scotch Whisky?

A

A blend of two or more single grain Scotch whiskies that have been produced at more than one distillery.

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10
Q

What is a Blended Scotch Whisky?

A

A blend of one or more single malt Scotch whiskies with one or more single grain Scotch whiskies.

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11
Q

What percentage of Scotch consumed worldwide is Blended Scotch Whisky?

A

About 90%

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12
Q

For the pot still distillation of Scotch, what ABV is the wash typically after the first distillation?

A

Around 21-28% ABV

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13
Q

For the pot still distillation of Scotch, what is the ABV of the spirit produced during the second distillation?

A

70% ABV, cannot exceed 94.8%.

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14
Q

What is the size restrictions for barrels used to age Scotch Whisky?

A

The barrels must be smaller than 700 liters (185 gallons) for the initial aging period.

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15
Q

What are the main whisky producing regions of Scotland?

A

The Highlands
The Lowlands
Speyside
Islay
Campbeltown

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16
Q

What is the best known Scotch Whisky distillery operating in Campbeltown?

A

Springbank Distillery

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17
Q

Which region in Scotland contains the most operating distilleries?

A

Speyside

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18
Q

How many distilleries are currently operating in Speyside?

A

Over 50.

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19
Q

How many distilleries are currently operating in Campbeltown?

A

3

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20
Q

What is “the Queen of the Hebrides”?

A

Another name for Islay.

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21
Q

Approximately how many distilleries are in the Highlands region of Scotland?

A

Over 40.

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22
Q

How many distilleries are currently operating in the Lowlands?

A

Just over a dozen.

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23
Q

Which region is Speyside technically a sub-region of?

A

The Highlands

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24
Q

How many distilleries are currently operating in Islay?

A

10

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25
Q

What type of Scotch Whisky are the Highlands known for?

A

Often “entry-level” with sweet, soft finish, and not quite as robust/complex as other regions. (Does not describe Speyside)

26
Q

Describe Scotch whisky from the Lowlands.

A

Traditionally triple-distilled (although not required). Often lighter style, subtlety, grassy notes, notes of citrus, and a light, dry finish.

27
Q

What type of Whisky is produced in the Speyside region of Scotland?

A

Complex, smooth single malt, and some lighter styles as well.

28
Q

Describe Scotch from Islay.

A

Notes of salty sea breeze, iodine, seaweed. Medium to heavy peat influence, with a smoky or medicinal character.

29
Q

What is an Irish Malt Whiskey?

A

A whiskey made from 100% malted barley, with the wort separated from the solids before fermentation, and distilled in pot stills.

30
Q

What are some examples of Irish Malt Whiskey?

A

Bushmills Single Malt, the Irishman Single Malt, and Tyrconnell Single Malt.

31
Q

What is Irish Grain Whiskey?

A

A whiskey produced from a mash containing a maximum of 30% malted barley. The rest made up of unmalted cereal grains. Uses column stills. Typically used in blends

32
Q

What is an example of Irish Grain Whiskey?

A

Greenore Single Grain Irish Whiskey (Produced by Cooley Distillery).

33
Q

What is Irish Pot Still Whiskey?

A

Produced using a mash containing at least 30% malted barley and a minimum of 30% unmalted barley. Remainder can be malted/unmalted barley, and up to 5% other unmalted cereal grains (oats or rye). The wort is separated from solids before fermentation - must use pot stills.

34
Q

What are some examples of Irish Pot Still Whiskey?

A

Redbreast, Green Spot, Jameson 15-Year-Old Pure Pot Still Whiskey.

35
Q

What is blended Irish Whiskey?

A

A blend of two or more different whiskey types, which may include Irish Malt, Irish Grain, and/or Irish Pot Still Whiskeys.

36
Q

What are some of the most popular Blended Irish Whiskeys?

A

Jameson, Black Bush, Bushmills, Paddy, and Tullamore D.E.W.

37
Q

What are the main differences between Scotch and Irish Whiskey?

A

Irish Whiskey - generally non-peated, Scotch generally peated. Irish Whiskey uses a combination of malted and unmalted barley, while Scotch is 100% malted, giving Irish whisky a unique leathery flavor. Irish Whiskey is often triple-distilled.

38
Q

What flavors does the use of unmalted grains have on the flavor profile of Irish Whiskey?

A

It may give a unique “leathery” flavor.

39
Q

What are the requirements for Irish Whiskey?

A

Be distilled in Ireland from mash of cereal grains.
Be distilled to less than 189.6 proof
Contain no additives except water and caramel coloring
Be stored in wooden casks (under 700 liters) in Ireland for no less than 3 years.

40
Q

What are the export restrictions regarding Irish Whiskey?

A

Must be bottled in Ireland, if not, must be shipped off in inert bulk containers and subject to company controls.
May not be exported in any type of wood container.

41
Q

What are common casks used for the maturation of Irish Whiskey?

A

Barrels that previously stored Madeira, Sherry, Port or Bourbon.

42
Q

Approximately how many distilleries are currently operating in Ireland?

A

Nearly 40

43
Q

What are some of the brands produced by New Midleton Distillery?

A

Jameson, Powers, Paddy, Midleton, Redbreast, and Green Spot.

44
Q

What are some distilleries located in Northern Ireland?

A

Echlinville
Hinch Distillery

45
Q

What is Irish Poitín?

A

Originally an Irish version of Moonshine. Now has GI protections. Often unaged, since it can contain ingredients other than grains classified as “spirit drink”. May be flavored.

46
Q

What was the last whisky distillery in England prior to the 2000’s, and when did it close?

A

Lea Valley Distillery of Stratford, London. Closed in 1903

47
Q

What was the first whisky produced in England in the 2000’s, released in 2011?

A

Hicks & Healey Cornish Single Malt Whiskey.

48
Q

How many distilleries are currently producing whisky in England?

A

Close to 30.

49
Q

What countries consume the largest amount of Scotch Whisky?

A

US, France, Singapore, Taiwan

50
Q

Where is whisky produced in France?

A

In Brittany and Alsace (both have GI status).

51
Q

What is Whisky d’Alsace?

A

French whisky produced from 100% malted barley distilled in copper-containing pot stills (hybrid with no more than 3 plates allowed), Minimum 3 years oak aging in Alsatian climatic conditions. GI status. AKA Whisky Alsacien

52
Q

What is Whisky Bretagne?

A

AKA Whisky Breton is a GI protected French Whisky produced in Brittany. It must be produced from at least some malted cereal grain, unmalted grain may be included. Aged minimum 3 years in oak in atmosphere that reflects the maritime climate of the region.

53
Q

What well-known whisky is from Spain?

A

Whisky DYC

54
Q

What is Whisky DYC?

A

A Spanish whisky produced in Segovia (in Castile y Leon). Has a range of products including aged in American Oak and Single Malt, as well as non-aged meant for mixed drinks.

55
Q

What is Hammer Head?

A

A Czech malt whiskey produced by Pradlo Distillery.

56
Q

What is Pradlo Distillery?

A

A Czech distillery that produced the malt whiskey marketed as Hammer Head.

57
Q

Why was peat originally used extensively in Scotland and Ireland?

A

There was no other fuel source nearby for kilning the malted barley.

58
Q

At what point of the kilning process is peat used?

A

Normally only at the beginning. Once the moisture level of the barley drops below 15%, any smoke simply passes over the bed.

59
Q

How is peatiness incorporated into Scotch?

A

The green malt has a high moisture content, allowing the phenols in the peaty smoke to adhere to the surface of the barley.

60
Q

How is peatiness reduced in Scotch production?

A

In every stage of the process some peatiness is lost, from distillation through maturation.

61
Q

How is peatiness lost during distillation?

A

The phenols from peat have a high boiling temperature, so it may be included in the feints.

62
Q

How is peatiness measured, and what is considered light or heavy?

A

The phenolic parts per million. 15 PPM is considered light, anything over 30 is considered heavy.

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