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CSE > Liqueurs > Flashcards

Liqueurs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the US definition of Liqueurs?

A

Products made by mixing or redistilling base spirits with fruits, flowers, plants, juices, extracts or other flavorings.
Must contain at least 2.5% sugar (by weight)

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2
Q

When may a liqueur use the term “dry” on its label in the US?

A

When the liqueur contains less than 10% sugar by weight.

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3
Q

How does the EU define a liqueur?

A

Made with a spirt sweetened and flavored with agricultural products such as cream, milk, fruit, wine, or aromatized wine.
Must contain at least 10% sugar
(7% sugar for cherry liqueur, 8% for gentian)
Must be bottled art no less than 15% ABV

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4
Q

What are the requirements for Rye liqueur/cordials and Bourbon liqueur/cordials?

A

Must be bottled at no less than 30% ABV, must have at least 51% rye or bourbon, and predominant flavor of such whiskey.

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5
Q

What are the requirements for Rock and Rye, or Rock and Bourbon?

A

Bottled at no less than 24% ABV
At least 51% rye or bourbon
Predominant flavor rye or bourbon, must contain rock candy or sugar syrup.

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6
Q

What are the requirements in the US for rum liqueur, gin liqueur, and brandy liqueur?

A

Must be bottled at no less than 30% ABV, and the distilled spirit base must be entirely rum, gin, or brandy.

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7
Q

What is the difference between a cordial in the US and in the EU?

A

Cordial is another term for liqueur in the US, in the EU, it is a nonalcoholic, flavor-enhancing ingredient used for cocktails and other beverages.

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8
Q

What is the minimum sugar content for “Crème” products in the EU?

A

25% - 250 g/L

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9
Q

What is the minimum sugar content for Crème de Cassis in the EU?

A

40% - 400 g/L

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10
Q

What are the specific requirements for Sambuca in the EU?

A

Minimum 38% ABV
Minimum sugar content 35%
Natural anethole content 1-2 g/L

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11
Q

What are the requirements for maraschino liqueur in the EU?

A

Must be colorless
Minimum sugar content 25% - 250g/L
Minimum 24% ABV

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12
Q

What are the EU requirements for Nocino?

A

Must be flavored via maceration and/or distillation with whole green walnuts
Minimum sugar 10% - 100g/L
Minimum ABV 30%

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13
Q

What are the EU requirements for Advocaat (Advokaat)?

A

Minimum sugar or honey content of 150g/L - 15%
Minimum pure egg yolk content 140 g/L
Minimum ABV 14%
May contain milk products

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14
Q

What are the four steps of liqueur production?

A

Selection of base spirit and flavor
Flavor extraction
Sweetening
Finishing (may include coloring and/or aging)

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15
Q

What are the two basic ways to extract flavor for liqueur production?

A

Cold method
Hot method

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16
Q

What are four different ways of extracting flavor using the cold method in liqueur production?

A

Infusion
Maceration
Percolation
Compounding

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17
Q

How is a flavor extracted using infusion with the cold method of flavor extraction in liqueur production?

A

Fruit is steeped in a liquid (usually water). If the fruits are less delicate, the liquid may contain alcohol as well.

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18
Q

When is the infusion method of flavor extraction used in liqueur production?

A

It is the gentlest process, so usually used with flavor source that are delicate and ethereal.

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19
Q

How is a flavor extracted using maceration with the cold method of flavor extraction in liqueur production?

A

The flavor source is cut, crushed and pressed to expose surface area. It is steeped in an alcoholic solution, usually in the 120 proof range, and left to extract flavors.

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20
Q

How is a flavor extracted using compounding with the cold method of flavor extraction in liqueur production?

A

Essences and/or concentrates of the flavoring agents are blended into the spirit.

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21
Q

How is a flavor extracted using percolation with the cold method of flavor extraction in liqueur production?

A

Leaves, herbs, or other delicate plant materials are placed in a percolator (similar to for making coffee), and the spirit is continuously pumped over and passed through the mass of flavorings. Also called brewing, is a slow, time consuming method.

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22
Q

When is the maceration method of flavor extraction used in liqueur production?

A

It is used to extract flavor from hardier fruits and berries.

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23
Q

When is the percolation method of flavor extraction used in liqueur production?

A

When using leaves, herbs, or similar type of materials.

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24
Q

What is the hot method of flavor extraction in liqueur production?

A

The use of distillation to extract flavors. The flavoring agents steep in the alcohol for several hours, and are then placed in the still with additional spirits and distilled.

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25
When is the hot method of flavor extraction used in liqueur production?
For products flavored by seeds and flowers that contain flavors more difficult to extract to create the flavor, as well as beans and nuts. The flavor components can withstand moderate heat and benefit from a quicker extraction.
26
What process is used to extract flavor from delicate flowers and herbs in liqueur production?
A variation of the hot method, where the flavors are distilled quickly and gently in an aqueous solution instead of alcohol. Vacuum distillation is used to permit the water to boil at a lower temperature to preserve aromas.
27
How is a liqueur sweetened?
After the flavor has been integrated, the liqueur is reduced in strength and sweetened.
28
What are some sweetening agents used in liqueur production?
Sucrose High fructose corn syrup Rectified grape must Honey
29
What are the four main categories of liqueurs?
Fruit Botanical Bean, Nut, Seed Whiskey
30
What is the difference between crème and cream liqueurs?
Cream liqueurs are dairy products (or made with liquids like dairy). A crème liqueur is a more concentrated, sweeter version of a liqueur.
31
When and where was Triple Sec first produced?
In France in the early 1800s.
32
What is the Combier Distillery known for?
Produced one of the earliest versions of Triple Sec. Located in Saumur, France. Still produces several versions.
33
What is the origin of the name Triple Sec?
Triple refers to the three-stage, copper pot distillation process used. Sec - the French word for dry - may refer to the orange peels that were dried prior to distillation, or that it was meant to be less sweet than other orange liqueurs.
34
What was one of the first companies to produce Curaçao, and where was it located?
Senior & Company, on the island of Curaçao.
35
When was Cointreau first developed?
1875
36
What do many claim was the first company to use the term triple sec?
Cointreau
37
What is a difference between Cointreau and other orange liqueurs?
It was developed to be a less sweet version of other orange liqueurs.
38
Describe the infusion process for Cointreau.
Both bitter and sweet orange peels are used, with a neutral spirit base. The orange flavors and aromas are preserved but the bitter elements left behind.
39
What is Grand Marnier Cordon Rouge?
A distillate of bitter orange peels and cognac.
40
When and where was Grand Marnier Cordon Rouge created?
1880 in France.
41
Who was Alexander Marnier-Lapostolle?
The creator of Grand Marnier.
42
What is Cuvee 1880 and Quintessence?
More cognac-forward versions of Grand Marnier.
43
What is Grand Marnier Cordon Jaune?
A version of Grand Marnier found in Europe, that uses neutral spirits instead of cognac for its base. Used more for cooking.
44
What are some dishes that use Grand Marnier?
Soufflés Crêpes Suzette Duck à l'orange.
45
What is Mandarine Napoléon?
An orange and tangerine-flavored liqueur originally produced in Belgium.
46
What is Mandarine Napoléon made from?
Sicilian and Corsican mandarins plus a blend of botanicals. Blended with cognac and sweetened.
47
When was Mandarine Napoléon created and commercially produced?
In the 1700s, according to legend for Napoleon. Commercially produced since 1892.
48
Who was Dr. Antoine-François de Fourcroy?
Napoleon's personal physician. According to legend, developed Mandarine Napoleon.
49
Who was Louis Schmidt?
A Belgian chemist who reportedly discovered the recipe for Mandarine Napoleon in Dr. Fourcroy's diary.
50
What are the botanicals believed to be in Mandarine Napoleon?
Clove Nutmeg Cinnamon Cardamom Green and black teas.
51
What are the three versions of Cassis that have GI status?
Cassis de Bourgogne Cassis de Dijon Cassis de Saintonge
52
What is Saintonge?
A former province of France centered near the current Charente-Maritime department.
53
What is Kir?
A white wine and cassis cocktail.
54
What is Kir Royale?
A sparkling wine/champagne cocktail.
55
How is Chambord made?
By infusing neutral spirits with fresh raspberries and blackberries. A second infusion extracts even more flavor from the fruits. After six weeks, the berries are pressed, and the infused alcohol, along with the fruit juices and sugars, is blended with the extracts of black raspberries, black currants, vanilla, herbs, and cognac.
56
Where is Chambord made?
The Commune de Cour-Cheverny in the Loire Valley.
57
What is Chambord named for?
Chateau de Chambord in the Loire Valley. According to legend, it was where Kind Louis XIV first tried it.
58
What is Ginjinha?
A traditional morello cherry liqueur from Portugal.
59
How is Ginjinha made?
By infusing ginja berries (Morello cherries) in brandy. Sugar, cinnamon and possibly other ingredients are also added.
60
How is Ginjinha traditionally served?
In a shot glass with a piece of fruit in the bottom of the cup.
61
What is Heering Cherry Liqueur?
Often called Cherry Heering, a Danish cherry liqueur.
62
When was Heering Cherry Liqueur first produced?
1818
63
What cocktails is Heering Cherry Liqueur used in?
Singapore Sling Blood and Sand.
64
Where is Licor 43 produced?
Cartagena, Spain
65
What family founded Licor 43?
The Zamora family.
66
What are the main ways Licor 43 is served?
Neat Over ice In Coffee Drinks.
67
What type of lemons are traditionally used in Limoncello?
The zest of Sorrento lemons.
68
What is another name for Femminello Santa Teresa lemons?
Sorrento lemons.
69
What two version of Limoncello have GI status?
Liquore di limone di Sorrento Liquore di limone della Costa d'Amalfi
70
Where are the main areas where limoncello is produced?
Mainly southern Italy - Naples the Amalfi Coast Capri
71
What liqueur was first made in Zadar on the Dalmation Coast of Croatia?
Luxardo Maraschino
72
Where is Luxardo Maraschino now produced?
The Veneto region of Italy.
73
When was the first commercial version of Luxardo Maraschino first produced?
1821
74
When did Luxardo Maraschino move to Veneto?
After World War II
75
What are some cocktails that use Luxardo Maraschino?
The Mary Pickford Hemingway Daiquiri
76
Where is Malibu made?
Barbados
77
When was Midori Melon first introduced?
1978
78
Where was Midori Melon first produced?
Japan, by Suntory
79
What does the word Midori mean?
It is Japanese for green
80
What color is Midori Melon?
Green
81
What is Midori Melon made from?
Muskmelons
82
Where is Midori Melon now produced?
Japan, Mexico and France.
83
What are some cocktails that use Midori Melon?
Midori Sour Sex on the Beach Japanese Slipper
84
What is Pimm's No. 1 Cup?
An English specialty drink known as a fruit cup.
85
When and by whom was Pimm's originally produced?
1823 by James Pimm
86
What is the intended use of Pimm's?
A beverage intended to be made into a tall drink through the addition of ice, a mixer, and a variety of fruit, vegetable and herb garnishes.
87
What is Domaine de Canton French Ginger Liqueur?
A revival of a Chinese ginger liqueur produced until 1997. It was released by Domaine de Canton in France in 2007. A cognac-based liqueur with ginger as the primary flavor, complemented by orange blossom, honey and vanilla.
88
What is Crème Yvette?
A liqueur flavored with violet petals as well as blackberries, raspberries, wild strawberries, orange peel, and vanilla.
89
When was Crème Yvette originally produced?
1890
90
When did Crème Yvette stop production, and when was it revived?
Stopped in 1969 Revived in 2009.
91
Where was Crème Yvette produced prior to 1969?
Connecticut first, later Philadelphia.
92
Where is Crème Yvette currently made?
Provence, France
93
What are some cocktails that use Crème Yvette?
Blue Moon Stratosphere
94
What is Liquore Galliano L'Autentico?
A sweet herbal liqueur from Italy. Most of its flavor is from anise and vanilla.
95
When and by whom was Liquore Galliano L'Autentico first created
1896 by Arturo Vaccari in Tuscany, named for the Italian war hero Giuseppe Galliano.
96
What is Liquore Strega?
An bright yellow Italian liqueur made from over 70 different ingredients, including saffron mint, juniper, and anise.
97
What does Strega mean?
Witch in Italian. Liquore Strega is believed (by some) to be based on a witch's brew. Benevento (the city where it is produced) is purported to have been an historic gathering place for witches.
98
What is Italicus Rosolio di Bergamotto?
A new Italian spirt launched in 2016. Based on a product from the 15th century known as rosolio. A bittersweet liqueur with clean, floral-and -citrus flavors.
99
What is Rosolio?
A traditional aperitivo flavored with rose petals.
100
What flavors are in Italicus Rosolio de Bergamotto?
Bergamot orange, chamomile, lavender, cedro lemon (citron) and yellow roses.
101
What is Goldschläger?
A Swiss cinnamon schnapps with tiny flakes of gold leaf floating in it.
102
When was St. Germain launched?
2007.
103
What is Sambuca Romana?
An Italian anise - or licorice - flavored liqueur. A neutral spirit flavored with anise, elderberries, and a secret recipe of other essences.
104
How is Sambuca Romana usually served?
Neat, with 3 coffee beans said to represent the Holy Trinity or the wish for health, happiness and prosperity. It louches with the addition of ice or cold water.
105
What chemical provides Amaretto's almond-like flavor?
Benzaldehyde
106
What is most modern Amaretto flavored with?
Apricot pits, peach pits, almonds or extracts.
107
Where were the earliest versions of Amaretto produced?
Saronno, Italy
108
What are some cocktails made with Amaretto?
Amaretto Sour Godfather Toasted Almond Café Amore (Coffee drink)
109
When and where were chocolate infused alcoholic beverages first produced?
France in the 1660s.
110
What was ratafia de chocolat?
A chocolate liqueur offered by French pharmacies in the 1800s.
111
What are some popular dark chocolate liqueurs?
Mozart Chocolate Liqueur Godiva Chocolate Liqueur Vicenzi Bicerin de Giuandijotto
112
What is Vicenzi Bicerin de Giuandijotto?
A chocolate liqueur from Piedmont, Italy, flavored with chocolate and hazelnut.
113
What is Vermeer Dutch Chocolate Cream Liqueur?
A liqueur made with Dutch chocolate, cream, and vodka. Has a label featuring Johannes Vermeer's famous painting "The Girl with a Pearl Earring"
114
What is Crème de Cocoa?
A chocolate liqueur flavored with chocolate extract as well as vanilla, available in both white (clear) and dark versions.
115
What is Crème de Cocoa best known for?
Its use in sweet cocktails like the Grasshopper, Brandy Alexander, and Golden Cadillac.
116
How is Chocolate liqueur used?
As a Straight drink Added to coffee or hot chocolate Cocktails like Chocolate Martini Ice cream topping In confectionary recipes.
117
What is Disaronno Originale?
A liqueur with the flavor of bittersweet almonds. Made with apricot kernel oil along with a secret recipe of other herbs and fruits.
118
When was Disaronno first commercially produced?
The early 1900s
119
What is the history of Disaronno?
In 1525, a student of da Vinci was painting a fresco and used an innkeeper's daughter as the model. The model gave the artist a flask of a traditional local liqueur. Giovanni Reina discovered the recipe and passed it down within the family.
120
When and why was the name of Disaronno changed?
In the 20th century it had been bottled as Amaretto di Saronno, but in 2001 it was decided to return to its original name Disaronno Originale.
121
What is Frangelica?
Hazelnut liqueur
122
When was Frangelico first released?
The 1980s
123
Where is Frangelico made?
Piedmont, Italy
124
How is Frangelico made?
Hazelnuts are crushed and placed in a solution of alcohol and water. Then it is distilled and sweetened and blended with extracts of cocoa, vanilla, and other flavorings.
125
Where is Kahlúa made?
Mexico
126
When was Kahlúa first made?
1936
127
Who was Pedro Domecq?
Created Kahlúa.
128
What cocktails use Kahlúa?
B-52 White Russian Black Russian Mudslide Espresso Martini
129
What is Kümmel?
A sweet but savory-and-spicy liqueur flavored with caraway seeds and cumin. Some versions contain fennel, orris root, or other botanicals.
130
When and by whom was Kümmel first produced?
1575, by Dutch distiller Luca Bols.
131
What is Mentzendorff Kümmel?
A Latvian Kümmel now produced in France.
132
Where was Kümmel popular in the UK?
Golf clubs - sometimes referred to as "putting mixture".
133
Where is Kümmel currently produced?
Russia France Denmark Netherlands Germany
134
What three versions of German Kümmel have GI status in the EU?
Berliner Kümmel Hamburger Kümmel Münchener Kümmel
135
How is Kümmel classified in the EU?
As a flavored spirt.
136
What is Nocino?
An Italian walnut liqueur, originally from the Emilia-Romagna region.
137
What is Tia Maria?
A dark liqueur flavored with coffee beans, Madagascar vanilla, and Jamaican rum. Originally produced in Jamaica.
138
How is Tia Maria often served?
On its own In desserts (eg Tia Maria Torte) Cocktails (Tia Maria Espresso Martini)
139
What is Tuaca?
A vanilla flavored liqueur from Livorno Italy. Now produced in Louisville, KY.
140
How old is the original recipe Tuaca, and who is it associated with?
Over 500 years, Lorenzo di Medici
141
Describe Tuaca.
A vanilla-flavored liqueur that is golden brown, made with a brandy base, and flavored with citrus (primarily orange) and vanilla.
142
Is Tuaca generic or proprietary?
Proprietary
143
Is Nocino generic or proprietary?
Generic
144
Is Sambuca Romana generic or proprietary?
Proprietary.
145
Is Liquore Strega generic or proprietary?
Proprietary.
146
What are some examples of Cream Liqueurs?
Amarula Bailey's Irish Cream RumChata
147
What is Amarula?
A cream liqueur from South Africa.
148
What is Amarula made from?
Sugar, cream, and the fruit of the African marula tree (Sclerocarya birrea)
149
The fruit from what tree, used to make Amarula, is a favorite treat of elephants.
The marula tree.
150
When was Bailey's Irish Cream first produced?
1974
151
Where is RumChata produced?
In the US
151
Who first produced Bailey's Irish Cream?
Gilbeys of Ireland.
152
What flavor is RumChata derived from?
Horchata.
153
What is RumChata flavored with?
Cinnamon, vanilla, and other proprietary ingredients.
154
What are some well-known whiskey liqueurs?
Drambuie Irish Mist Rock & Rye Southern Comfort
155
What is Drambuie?
A Scottish liqueur made from Scotch malt whisky and heather honey, with a secret recipe of herbs and spices.
156
When was Drambuie first commercially produced?
1914.
157
What is Irish Mist?
A blend of Irish whiskey, honey and spices.
158
When was Irish Mist first produced?
1947
159
What drink is Bonnie Prince Charlie associated with?
Drambuie
160
Who claimed to have found the recipe for Irish Mist, and produced the liqueur in 1947?
Desmond E. Williams (the D.E.W. in Tullamore D.E.W.)
161
What is Rock & Rye?
An American liqueur made from rye whiskey and rock candy (or now, simple syrup).
162
When did Rock & Rye first become popular?
The 1800's.
163
What are some examples of Rock & Rye liqueurs?
Hochstadter's Slow & Low Rock and Rye (Cooper Spirits Co. of Philadelphia) Mr. Katz's Rock & Rye (New York Distilling Company)
164
What is Southern Comfort?
A liqueur invented in New Orleans, originally made from bourbon.
165
Who first produced Southern Comfort?
Martin Wilkes Heron
166
What was the original name of Southern Comfort?
Cuffs and Buttons.
167
What were the original flavorings in Southern Comfort?
Bourbon, vanilla bean, lemon, cinnamon, cloves, cherries, peaches, and oranges.
168
What is Bärenfang?
A German vodka-based honey liqueur.
169
Who produces Bärenfang?
Teucke & Koenig in Steinhagen Germany.
170

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