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Gin Flashcards

1
Q

What is gin?

A

A neutral spirit flavored with juniper berries as well as a range of other herbs, spices, roots, flowers, seeds and/or leaves.

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2
Q

What is Gin de Mahon?

A

A gin produced in Menorca (Spanish Baleoric Island). A white wine spirit - redistilled in wood fired copper pot. Aged in oak. Has a GI designation.

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3
Q

Who are some producers of Old Tom Gin?

A

Hayman Distillery (England)
Ransom Spirits (US - Oregon)

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4
Q

What is Old Tom Gin?

A

The predominant style of gin in the mid 1800s. Slightly sweet, seeing a resurgence for use in craft cocktails.

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5
Q

What is Plymouth Gin?

A

A gin produced in Plymouth, England that is distinctive due to its full body, fruity aromas. Very aromatic - an example is Black Friars.

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6
Q

What is Britain’s oldest continually operating gin distillery?

A

Black Friars Distillery.

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7
Q

Who currently owns the Black Friars Distillery?

A

Pernod-Ricard.

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8
Q

What are some differences between London Dry Gin and Plymouth Gin?

A

Plymouth Gin is a bit sweeter (orange and lemony zing) and a bit more earthy (from angelica and orris).

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9
Q

How is Plymouth Gin distilled?

A

A grain spirit is “rectified” by redistilling in pot stills with botanicals.

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10
Q

What are the botanicals used for making Plymouth Gin?

A

Juniper Berry
Coriander Seed
Dried orange peel
Dried lemon peel
Angelica root
Green cardamom
Orris root.

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11
Q

What are some leading brands of London Dry Gin?

A

Beefeater
Tanqueray
Bombay Dry
Sapphire
Gordons

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12
Q

Describe London Dry Gin.

A

Has less than 1 gram of sugar per liter, no added flavoring, clean, juniper berry flavor, light, dry, and crisp.

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13
Q

What is a compound gin?

A

Gin made by mixing neutral spirits with natural extracts/flavoring.

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14
Q

What is cold distillation of gin?

A

The use of lowering air pressure to lower the boiling point. Can be macerated with no heat, makes for a more intense/fresh flavor.

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15
Q

What is redistillation of gin?

A

A mash is distilled, and then cut with water. It is distilled again with added botanicals. It may steep with the botanicals prior to redistillation.

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16
Q

What is a distilled gin?

A

A sub-category of gin produced by original distillation or redistillation.

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17
Q

What is original distillation of gin also known as?

A

Direct Distillation

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18
Q

What is original distillation?

A

Fermented mash is distilled with juniper berries and other botanicals in a “gin head”. Vapors pass through the gin head, flavoring the distillate.

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19
Q

What is cold compounding in gin production?

A

Crushed botanicals are added to a base of neutral spirits and left to soak for a week or more, sometimes in mesh bags

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20
Q

What is the essential oils method of compound distillation of gin?

A

Essential oils are added to a neutral spirit, blended, and left to rest for a week.

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21
Q

What are some anise flavored spirits?

A

Rakii
Arak
Absinthe
Pernod
Pastis
Herbsaint
Ouzo

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22
Q

What are some juniper flavored spirits other than gin?

A

Steinhäger
Genever
Wacholder

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23
Q

What is the second most commonly used botanical in gin?

A

Coriander

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24
Q

What are the main styles of gin?

A

London Dry Gin
Plymouth Gin
Old Tom Gin
Gin de Mahón
Vilnius Gin
Flavored Gins

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25
Q

What is the dominant flavor of gin?

A

Juniper berry

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26
Q

What product is used for the neutral spirit base for gin?

A

Can be any neutral spirit, but a mash of cereal grain is most common.

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27
Q

Who was Fanciscus Sylvius?

A

A Dutch physician often credited with the invention of gin.

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28
Q

When was the gin craze in London?

A

1720-1751

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29
Q

What are some anise flavored plants?

A

Star Anise
Green Anise
Fennel
Licorice Root

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30
Q

What is anethole?

A

A flavor compound that has a licorice-like aroma and flavor.

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31
Q

What is Brennerei Everbusch

A

One of the oldest operating wacholder distilleries located in Hagen, Germany.

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32
Q

What is Wacholder?

A

A classic German juniper flavored spirit. Mainly found in North Rhine - Westphalia.

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33
Q

Where may Genever be produced under the GI standards?

A

Netherlands
Belgium
2 Departments in France (Nord and Pas-de-Calais)
Some areas in Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia, Lower Saxony

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34
Q

Where does the name Genever come from?

A

The French baie de genièvre - juniper berry.

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35
Q

What are the two most common sub categories of Genever?

A

Oude (old) and Jonge (Young)

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36
Q

What is a kopstoot?

A

The name for a chilled shot of Jonge genever consumed with a small beer on the side. Literal translation is headbutt.

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37
Q

What are the differences between Oude and Jonge Genever?

A

It describes the style of the genever, not the aging requirements. Oude must contain a minimum 15% malt spirit and is straw colored and relatively sweet. Jonge is drier and lighter in body, and may not contain more than 15% malt spirit.

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38
Q

What is a main difference between gin an genever?

A

Juniper is not traditionally the dominant flavor/aroma of genever. Also has slightly lower ABA requirements.

39
Q

What is the most popular style of Genever in the Netherlands and Belgium?

A

Jonge - makes up about 98% of the Dutch Genever market.

40
Q

Which style of Genever is most frequently exported?

A

Oude Genever.

41
Q

What is H.W. Schichte?

A

The oldest producer of Steinhäger in Germany.

42
Q

What is Steinhäger?

A

A German juniper flavored spirit over 500 years old. A triple distilled, mellow, grain spirit. It’s packaged in bottles that resemble traditional stone crocks.

43
Q

What is the minimum ABV for flavored gin?

A

30% ABV in the US
Not a special category in the EU.

44
Q

What is the minimum ABV for juniper flavored spirits (other than gin) in the EU?

A

30% ABV

45
Q

What is Vilnius Gin?

A

A Lithuanian gin flavored with, in addition to juniper, coriander seed, dill seed, and orange peel. Bottled at 45% ABV. Similar in style to London Dry.

46
Q

What is Destilerias Xoriguer?

A

The sole producer of Gin de Mahon.

47
Q

What are some common gin cocktails?

A

Dry Martini
Gin and Tonic
Tom Collins
Pink Lady
Singapore Sling

48
Q

Describe Norwegian Akvavit.

A

It is a spirit flavored with either dill or caraway (as the dominant flavor), many other botanicals are allowed to be used as well. Requires again of at least six months in wooden casks before bottling. Has GI status.

49
Q

Describe Svensk Abvavit.

A

It is a spirit made with a neutral base spirit derived from wheat, rye, barley, oats or potatoes grown in Sweden. Caraway is typically dominant, but dill, cumin, and fennel are often present as well. Has GI status.

50
Q

Which countries have GI status for their Akvavit?

A

Sweden and Norway.

51
Q

What is Linje Aquavit?

A

A Norwegian Aquavit. Aged on a boat that travels to Australia and back again.

52
Q

What is Akvavit?

A

A caraway flavored spirit from Scandinavia. Also includes others spices, herb, or fruit oil, often dill.

53
Q

What is Pacharán?

A

A flavored spirit produced in northern Spain using sloe berries. May be dry or slightly sweet.

54
Q

What is used to produce Pacharán

A

Sloe berries, coffee beans, and vanilla, soaked in anise flavored spirits.

55
Q

At what ABV is Pacharán bottled?

A

25-30%

56
Q

What are three areas of Greece outside of Lesvos with GI designations for Ouzo?

A

Kalamata
Thrace
Macedonia

57
Q

What are the two cities on Lesvos with their own GI for Ouzo?

A

Mytilene
Plomari

58
Q

What Greek island is a traditional center of Ouzo production?

A

Lesvos

59
Q

Where is Ouzo as a protected product produced?

A

Cyprus
Greece

60
Q

What is Ouzo?

A

An anise flavored pomace brandy from Greece

61
Q

Who were J. Marion Legendre and Reginald Parker?

A

The creators of Herbsaint.

62
Q

What is Herbsaint?

A

An American anise liqueur created in New Orleans

63
Q

What is Pernod Ricard?

A

The company formed after a merger of Pernod and Pastis.

64
Q

What is Pastis?

A

An anise based spirit containing anise, fennel, licorice root, and 48 other botanicals

65
Q

What is Pernod?

A

An anise spirit similar to absinthe, but without the wormwood and lower in alcohol. Created when Maison Pernod Fils Distillery in Pontarlier reopened in 1928.

66
Q

What is Absinthe de Pontarlier?

A

An absinthe produced in France (in the Jura Mountains) with GI status. Must use locally grown wormwood. Required to be bottled at a minimum 45% ABV.

67
Q

How is absinthe made?

A

A base spirit is infused with botanicals (anise, fennel, wormwood, others). Macerated, and then redistilled.

68
Q

What is “la fée verte”?

A

A nickname for green absinthe - French for the green fairy.

69
Q

What is thujone?

A

A chemical compound found in trace amounts in wormwood.

70
Q

What was Maison Pernod Fils?

A

An absinthe distillery in Pontarlier France, the second opened by Major Henri Dubied and Henry-Louis Pernod.

71
Q

Who was Major Henri Dubied?

A

Along with Henry-Louis Pernod, acquired the formula for absinthe and opened the first absinthe distillery in Couvet, Switzerland

72
Q

Who were the Henriod sisters?

A

According to one legend, the first producers of Absinthe.

73
Q

Who was Dr. Piere Ordinarie?

A

A French doctor living in Switzerland who, according to one legend, may have invented Absinthe.

74
Q

Where was Absinthe believed to have been first produced?

A

Neuchatel, Switzerland.

75
Q

What is Artemisia Absinthium?

A

Wormwood

76
Q

What is Absinthe?

A

A spirit produced using anise, sweet fennel, and wormwood.

77
Q

What is Arak?

A

An anise-flavored spirit produced in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East.

78
Q

What is added to a base spirit to make Raki?

A

The base spirit is redistilled with aniseed.

79
Q

What type of still is used to produce Raki?

A

An Alembic Still

80
Q

What is Suma?

A

The base spirit used for making Raki.

81
Q

What is the most high quality Raki made from today?

A

Grapes - Primarily Sultana and Razaki varieties.

82
Q

What is Lion’s Milk?

A

Another name for Raki.

83
Q

What is Raki?

A

An Anise flavored spirit from Turkey.

84
Q

What are some spirits associated with louching?

A

Pastis, Pernod, Absinthe, Ouzo, Raki, and Sambuca.

85
Q

What is louching?

A

When a spirit is diluted with water and the spirit appears cloudy.

86
Q

What causes louching?

A

Botanical oils present in the spirit are readily dissolved in alcohol but not so easily combined with water. When water is added, the oils fall out of emulsion.

87
Q

What is Beefeater?

A

A traditional London dry gin.

88
Q

Who owns Beefeater Gin?

A

Pernod Ricard.

89
Q

What is Booth’s?

A

The oldest major gin brand. Formerly one of the largest gin producers in England, now distilled only in the US.

90
Q

Who currently owns Booth’s Gin?

A

Diageo.

91
Q

What was the Cow Cross Distillery?

A

The Booth Gin distillery established in 1772 and located in Clerkenwell, England. It was badly damaged in WWII, rebuilt and renamed the Red Lion Distillery, but demolished in the 1990s.

92
Q

What is Hendrick’s Gin?

A

A Scottish gin flavored with cucumber and rose essences, developed in the 1990s.

93
Q

What is Pink Gin?

A

Gin and Bitters, a popular officers drink in the British navy. Originally almost always Plymouth Gin and Angostura bitters. Popular in Britain and North America from WWI through the 1960s.

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