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American Whisky Flashcards

1
Q

What are grain spirits?

A

The US defines “Grain Spirits” as neutral spirits distilled from a fermented wash of grain and stored in oak.

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2
Q

What are the requirements for corn whiskey in the US?

A

At least 80% corn
Alcohol distilled to 160 proof or less.
Does not require wood aging.
If wood is used, stored at no more than 125 proof in used or uncharred wood.

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3
Q

What is straight whiskey?

A

The US definition for whiskey that conforms to either Bourbon, Rye of Corn whiskey and has been stored for a period of two years or more in the type of oak container prescribed.

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4
Q

What are the requirements for Rye whiskey in the US

A

Must be produced from a mash of no less than 51% Rye.
Distilled at no more than 160 proof.
Stored at no more than 125 proof in charred new oak containers.

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5
Q

What are the requirements for wheat whiskey in the US

A

Must be produced from a mash of no less than 51% wheat.
Distilled at no more than 160 proof.
Stored at no more than 125 proof in charred new oak containers.

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6
Q

What are the requirements for malt whiskey in the US

A

Must be produced from a mash of no less than 51% malted barley.
Distilled at no more than 160 proof.
Stored at no more than 125 proof in charred new oak containers.

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7
Q

What are the requirements for Rye Malt whiskey in the US

A

Must be produced from a mash of no less than 51% malted rye grain.
Distilled at no more than 160 proof.
Stored at no more than 125 proof in charred new oak containers.

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8
Q

What are the requirements for Bourbon Whiskey?

A

Mash no less than 51% corn
Distilled to no more than 160 proof
Stored at no more than 125 proof in charred new oak containers.

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9
Q

How are barrels of whiskey generally aged in the US?

A

Rackhouses - generally several stories high - wide temperature fluctuations
Casks generally not stacked on each other - more air circulation
New oak, less saturated pores

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10
Q

When was the Whiskey Rebellion?

A

1791

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11
Q

Who was George Garvin Brown?

A

An American pharmaceutical salesman who created a glass bottled, sealed, and labeled bourbon with a quality guarantee, named after an army surgeon named Dr. William Forrester, eventually becoming Old Forrester.

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12
Q

What was the first bourbon whiskey sold exclusively in glass bottles?

A

Old Forrester

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13
Q

Who was E.H. Taylor?

A

The Mayor of Frankfort, KY (later a US Senator) who created the Bottled in Bond Act of 1897.

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14
Q

When was the Bottled in Bond Act enacted?

A

1897.

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15
Q

What are the requirements for a bottled in bond spirit?

A

It must be “unaltered from its original condition or character by the addition or subtraction of any substance”. May only be applied to spirits produced in the US. Mostly applied to bourbon/whiskey, but can be used for any spirits.

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16
Q

What is a backset?

A

In bourbon production, some of the residue from the first distillation run. It is placed back in the fermenter for use in the next fermentation batch.

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17
Q

What is sour mashing?

A

The use of backset, which is highly acidic, to counteract local water with high alkaline content used in bourbon production. It also assists with creating a consistent product.

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18
Q

How is bourbon generally distilled?

A

It is usually double-distilled (some may be triple-distilled) in either pot or column stills.

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19
Q

Where does the first distillation of bourbon generally occur?

A

In a pot or single column still composed of copper or stainless steel, known as a beer still.

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20
Q

In bourbon production, where does the second distillation take place?

A

In a doubler or thumper.

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21
Q

What is a doubler?

A

An addition to a pot still where the second distillation of bourbon occurs. It continuously receives the low wines, drives them to a chamber that contains heated liquids, causing an interaction that concentrates the alcohol and refines unwanted congeners.

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22
Q

What is a thumper?

A

A type of doubler that receives the vapors from the first distillation run before they have been cooled and condensed.

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23
Q

How does a thumper work?

A

As vapors from the first distillation enter the thumper, they are driven into water kept above the boiling point of ethanol but below that of water. The ethanol vapor continues on through the water for condensation as a new-make spirit. Tails are captured by the water and drained off.

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24
Q

How does bourbon get its color?

A

Through time spent in wood only - caramel coloring is prohibited (except for bourbons labeled as blends)

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25
Q

At what proof is most bourbon bottled?

A

80 proof

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26
Q

What are common proofs for bottling bourbon?

A

80 (Most common)
86
90
100
107

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27
Q

What is blended bourbon?

A

Bourbon that may contain coloring, flavoring, or other spirits (such as unaged grain neutral spirit), but must be at least 51% straight bourbon.

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28
Q

What percentage of Bourbon is produced in Kentucky?

A

95%

29
Q

What is required for a whiskey to be labeled Kentucky Bourbon?

A

It must be produced from grains that are cooked, fermented, and distilled in the state of Kentucky, aged in new oak barrels for at least one year in the state of Kentucky.

30
Q

What are the requirements, to be labeled Tennessee Whiskey?

A

Meet all the requirements of US Whiskey
Be produced in the state of Tennessee
Filtered through maple charcoal - AKA Lincoln County Process - prior to aging.

31
Q

What is the Lincoln County Process?

A

A filtering technique where a deep bed of sugar maple charcoal is used to remove some of the whiskey’s lighter aldehydic congeners, giving the remaining spirit a smooth texture and a full, robust flavor.

32
Q

What is a common depth for the bed of charcoal in the Lincoln County Process?

A

Up to 10 feet.

33
Q

How long does the Lincoln County Process generally take?

A

A week to several weeks.

34
Q

What is the Lincoln County Process named after?

A

Lincoln County, the original home of Jack Daniel’s Lynchburg distillery (although the county lines have been re-drawn and it’s now in Moore County)

35
Q

What is the exception to the Lincoln County Process for Tennessee Whiskey?

A

Benjamin Prichard’s Distillery

36
Q

What are some producers of Tennessee Whiskey?

A

Jack Daniel’s
George Dickel
Collier and McKeel
Benjamin Prichard’s

37
Q

What are typical flavors of Tennessee Whiskey?

A

Maple Syrup
Vanilla
Caramel
Smoke

38
Q

What is America’s oldest continually maintained brand of whiskey?

A

Old Overholt

39
Q

Where is Old Overholt located?

A

West Overton, PA

40
Q

What is the largest producer of Rye Whiskey in the US?

A

MGP Distilling

41
Q

What brands of Rye Whiskey are produced by MGP Distilling?

A

Own Brands:
Redemption Rye
Rossville Union Straight Rye Whiskey
Ross & Squibb Distillery

42
Q

What are some producers of American Corn Whiskey?

A

Heaven Hill
Buffalo Trace
Shine on Georgia Moon (by Johnson Distilling Company of Kentucky)

43
Q

What are the current requirements for Bottled-In-Bond Whiskeys?

A

A product of one distillation season (A 6 month period, Jan to June or July to Dec)
Product of one distiller at one distillery
Aged in federally bonded warehouse minimum of four years
Bottled at 100 proof
Labeled to identify distillery and location bottled.

44
Q

What are American Light Whiskeys?

A

Introduced in the 1960s, a failure with consumers. Still made for blending. Higher than 160 but lower than 190 proof distillation. Stored in oak, used or uncharred new barrels.

45
Q

What is a Spirit Whiskey?

A

A lighter version of whiskey rarely seen. A mix of neutral spirits with no less than 5% whiskey or straight whiskey (straight cannot be over 20%)

46
Q

What is a White Whiskey?

A

A whiskey that is clear in color and appearance. Often an unaged corn whiskey, or briefly aged, or filtered.

47
Q

What are other names for white whiskey?

A

White Dog
New-Make Spirit

48
Q

What are some brands of White Whiskeys?

A

Rogue Distillery’s Dead Guy Whiskey
Corsair Distillery’s Wry Moon
Unaged Tennessee Rye - Jack Daniel’s
Jacob’s Ghost - Jim Beam

49
Q

What is Blanton’s?

A

The first “single barrel” bourbon introduced in 1984.

50
Q

Who owns Blanton’s?

A

Japanese investor Takara Shuzo.

51
Q

Who was Frederick Booker Noe II?

A

Jim Beam’s grandson and master distiller who created Booker’s Bourbon in 1988.

52
Q

What was Booker’s Bourbon?

A

Created in 1988,tThe first American whisky left uncut and unfiltered - “straight from the barrel.” It helped start the small-batch bourbon revolution.

53
Q

Who owns the Buffalo Trace Distillery?

A

Sazerac

54
Q

Who was Nathan “Nearest” Green?

A

A newly emancipated African American slave who taught Jack Daniel the craft of whisky making.

55
Q

Who was Dan Call?

A

A whisky maker in the 1800s who started Jack Daniel’s with Jasper Newton “Jack” Daniel.

56
Q

Where did Jack Daniel’s operate from 1909 until prohibition?

A

Missouri.

57
Q

Who owns Jack Daniel’s?

A

Brown Forman.

58
Q

Why did Jack Daniel’s need a special permit to have a distillery in Moore County?

A

Because it was (and still is) a dry county.

59
Q

What is the best selling brand of bourbon?

A

Jim Beam.

60
Q

When did the Beam family first start making bourbon?

A

The 1790s.

61
Q

Who owns Jim Beam?

A

Suntory.

62
Q

What is Maker’s Mark?

A

A wheated bourbon sealed with a distinctive red wax.

63
Q

When and where was Maker’s Mark founded?

A

1953 in Loretto, Kentucky.

64
Q

Who was T. William Samuals?

A

The founder of Maker’s Mark.

65
Q

Who owns Maker’s Mark?

A

Suntory.

66
Q

What is Old Crow?

A

A brand of whisky that was one of the first to become established as a brand. Now owned by Jim Beam.

67
Q

Who was Dr. James Crow?

A

A distiller who perfected the sour mash process for fermenting and distilling bourbon in the early 1800s.

68
Q

Who owns Old Overholt?

A

Beam-Suntory.

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