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Maintenance Study Flashcards

1
Q

What are the aging requirements for XO Premium Armagnac?

A

Minimum 20 years in oak.

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2
Q

What is slivovitz?

A

Plum brandies produced in Central Europe.

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3
Q

What is Quetsch?

A

A French plum brandy (using black plums) made in Alsace.

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4
Q

What is Bagaceira?

A

A Portuguese pomace brandy.

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5
Q

What is malting?

A

The process of grain sprouting,

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6
Q

What is blended Irish Whiskey?

A

A blend of two or more different whiskey types, which may include Irish Malt, Irish Grain, and/or Irish Pot Still Whiskeys.

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7
Q

Who was the first Indian producer to make a true grain-based whisky?

A

Amrut Distilleries in 2004

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8
Q

What is an example of a blended vodka?

A

Ultimat (Poland)

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9
Q

What are some representative brands of rye vodka?

A

Belvedere (Poland)
Potocki (Poland)
Wyborowa (Poland)
Zytnia (Poland)

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10
Q

What are some brands of Potato Vodka?

A

Chopin (Poland)
Monopolowa (Austria)
Teton Glacier (USA)

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11
Q

What is Starka?

A

A Polish or Lithuanian vodka aged in oak and often flavored with spices and herbs. Associated with birth of child and aged till wedding. Means old woman - refers to aging process.

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12
Q

What is a coa?

A

The sharp tool used for preparing the agave plant to be harvested.

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13
Q

What is a jimador?

A

A agave fieldworker

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14
Q

What are some spirits associated with louching?

A

Pastis, Pernod, Absinthe, Ouzo, Raki, and Sambuca.

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15
Q

Where is Rhum Agricole produced?

A

Primarily in the West Indies, mainly Guadeloupe and Martinique. Small amount on La Reunion Island and Madeira.

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16
Q

What is Midori Melon made from?

A

Muskmelons

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17
Q

When and where were Angostura Bitters invented?

A

1824 in Venezuela.

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18
Q

What is an Americano aromatized wine?

A

An aromatized, fortified wine flavored with Artemisia absinthium (wormwood) and gentian.

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19
Q

What are Vini Amari?

A

Bittered wines.

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20
Q

How is Rhum Barbancourt produced?

A

From sugarcane juice via double distillation. Some aged in a way similar to cognac.

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21
Q

What are the main categories of aromatized wines?

A

Vermouth
Vini amari/chinati
Quinquina
Americano

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22
Q

What is Artemisia Absinthium?

A

Wormwood

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23
Q

What is Canadian Blended Whisky?

A

Generally comprised of base grain and flavoring whisky. May contain up to 9.09% other ingredients.

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24
Q

What is Vermouth?

A

Aromatized, fortified wines typically flavored with artemisia and other approved natural herbs, fruit, spices, or flavorings.

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25
Q

What is Ginjinha?

A

A traditional morello cherry liqueur from Portugal.

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26
Q

How does Spanish vermouth compare to Italian vermouth?

A

Spanish vermouth tends to be somewhat lighter and less bitter than Italian.

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27
Q

What is distillation?

A

The process by which two or more liquids are separated into smaller parts through the use of heat.

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28
Q

What is Orujo?

A

A traditional Spanish pomace brandy.

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29
Q

Where may Genever be produced under the GI standards?

A

Netherlands
Belgium
2 Departments in France (Nord and Pas-de-Calais)
Some areas in Germany (North Rhine-Westphalia, Lower Saxony

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30
Q

What is Zurracapote?

A

Also called Zurra. Similar to sangria, a Spanish red-wine-based beverage made with fruit macerated with sugar, cinnamon, fruit juice, and sometimes brandy.

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31
Q

How long does the fermentation process for whiskey typically last?

A

Between 40-72 hours.

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32
Q

What is a fruit spirit in the EU?

A

Commonly known as fruit brandy, made from fruits like plums, apples, pears, raspberries, blackberries, apricots, peaches, cherries, or other fruits.

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33
Q

What is Nocino?

A

An Italian walnut liqueur, originally from the Emilia-Romagna region.

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34
Q

What is Pernod Ricard?

A

The company formed after a merger of Pernod and Pastis.

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35
Q

What is saccharification?

A

The conversion process used to convert grains or starches into a fermentable form of sugar.

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36
Q

What is a Shrub?

A

A vintage cocktail made in 17th and 18th century England as well as colonial America.

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37
Q

What are the three main structural component of oak?

A

Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.

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38
Q

What do botanicals with carminative properties do?

A

Lessen gastric discomfort after rich meals.

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39
Q

What is louching?

A

When a spirit is diluted with water and the spirit appears cloudy.

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40
Q

What are spirit amari?

A

Bittered spirits, generally classified as either aperitifs or digestifs.

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41
Q

What is Suze?

A

A bright yellow French amer created in Paris in 1889, now produced by Pernod Ricard.

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42
Q

In which Cognac growing region do the grapes ripen quickest (due to more sunshine)?

A

Borderies

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43
Q

What is Dubonnet?

A

A Quinquina created in Paris in 1846 as Quinquina Dubonnet. Now produced by Heaven Hill Distilleries in Kentucky. Originally rouge, the blanc version was made later, primarily for the American market.

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44
Q

What is Soju?

A

A Korean distilled vodka-like spirit traditionally produced from rice, now made from other ingredients as well.

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45
Q

What are the three main styles of Rhum Martinique?

A

Rhum Martinique Blanc
Rhum Martinique Élevé Sous Bois (Cask-aged)
Rhum Martinique Vieux (Extra aged)

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46
Q

What is Irish Mist?

A

A blend of Irish whiskey, honey and spices.

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47
Q

Where does Cinchona bark usually come from?

A

Peru or India.

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48
Q

What is Singani?

A

A Bolivian brandy.

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49
Q

What type of wood is used for aging Armagnac?

A

Black oak from the Monlezun Forest. Also some Limousin.

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50
Q

What is the term for the product that comes off of the spirit still?

A

High wine or new-make spirit

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51
Q

What is the brand name of a whisky produced by the state-owned Taiwan Tobacco & Liquor Corporation?

A

Omar Whisky

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52
Q

What is Goldschläger?

A

A Swiss cinnamon schnapps with tiny flakes of gold leaf floating in it.

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53
Q

What is Foursquare Rum Distillery?

A

A Barbados distillery opened in 1996 on grounds of former sugar plantation dating back 350 years. Produces high quality rums including some aged in specialty barrels (cognac, bourbon, Zinfandel, port).

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54
Q

What is Caipirinha?

A

A popular tropical drink made from Cachaça.

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55
Q

In what country is Sputnik vodka produced?

A

Russia

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56
Q

What countries produce Spanish style rum?

A

Cuba
Puerto Rico
St. Croix
Guatemala
Dominican Republic
Nicaragua
Panama
Columbia
Venezuela

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57
Q

What are some fruit names that may replace the word spirit on a label in the EU?

A

Mirabelle
Quetsch
Williams

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58
Q

What is Metaxa?

A

A Greek brandy, made in small pot still, aged in Limousin for 3-30 years, and infused with rose petals and herbs. Sweet - could technically be a liqueur.

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59
Q

In what country is Skyy vodka produced?

A

USA

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60
Q

What is Falernum?

A

A sweet syrup with many flavors that originated in Barbados.

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61
Q

What is Mandarine Napoléon?

A

An orange and tangerine-flavored liqueur originally produced in Belgium.

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62
Q

What is Shōchū?

A

A Japanese neutral spirit. Means “burned liquor”.

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63
Q

What is Cynar?

A

An amaro made with artichokes, first produced in Italy in 1949.

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64
Q

What is Añejo Mezcal?

A

A Mezcal aged in oak barrels of no more than 200 liter capacity for at least one year, age on label.

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65
Q

What is a Frappé?

A

Sometimes called a mist, a liquor on ice drink. Made using crushed or shave ice and served in a coupe or cocktail glass with a straw.

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66
Q

What is the minimum aging time for Hors d’Age Armagnac?

A

Minimum 10 years in oak, although most in this category aged much longer.

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67
Q

Which growing area in Cognac accounts for the most plantings, and what percentage of grapes used for Cognac is planted in the region?

A

Fins Bois
40%

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68
Q

What are the main grapes used for Australian brandy?

A

Ugni Blanc
Pedro Ximenez
Palomino
Sultana

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69
Q

What percentage of Bourbon is produced in Kentucky?

A

95%

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70
Q

What is Baijiu?

A

A traditional Chinese neutral spirit. Loosely translated to clear liquor or white liquor

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71
Q

What is Ouzo?

A

An anise flavored pomace brandy from Greece

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72
Q

What is Seco Herrerano?

A

The national beverage of Panama, triple distilled from sugarcane, often compared with vodka.

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73
Q

What is Alter Weinbrand?

A

A German brandy aged a minimum of 6 months in wood.

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74
Q

What are the three labeling terms related to aging for Brandy de Jerez?

A

Solera
Solera Reserva
Solera Gran Reserva

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75
Q

In what country is Monoplowa vodka produced?

A

Austria

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76
Q

What is Pisco de Guarda?

A

A Chilean pisco aged in active French or America oak for a minimum of 180 days.

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77
Q

What is a Rusty Nail?

A

Scotch and Drambuie

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78
Q

What is Spanish Style rum?

A

The lightest style of rum, made in continuous column stills with clean, floral, and delicate aromas.

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79
Q

What is the most used grape for Armgnac?

A

Ugni Blanc

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80
Q

What is Arak?

A

An anise-flavored spirit produced in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East.

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81
Q

What is Kümmel?

A

A sweet but savory-and-spicy liqueur flavored with caraway seeds and cumin. Some versions contain fennel, orris root, or other botanicals.

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82
Q

What are the main whisky producing regions of Scotland?

A

The Highlands
The Lowlands
Speyside
Islay
Campbeltown

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83
Q

What is Fine brandy?

A

A high quality French brandy produced outside of Cognac or Armagnac.

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84
Q

Describe London Dry Gin.

A

Has less than 1 gram of sugar per liter, no added flavoring, clean, juniper berry flavor, light, dry, and crisp.

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85
Q

What is a Float?

A

The final liquid ingredient added to a drink after the basic procedure is performed. Because spirits and liqueurs have varying levels of density, if the lightest liquid is carefully poured, it will “float” on top.

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86
Q

What is the Société du Rhum Barbancourt?

A

A Haitian rum producer founded in 1862 by Dupré Barbancourt, and Frenchman from the cognac producing region of Charente.

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87
Q

Where is Kahlúa made?

A

Mexico

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88
Q

Where is RumChata produced?

A

In the US

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89
Q

What is the most widely distributed Cuban rum?

A

Havana Club

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90
Q

What is Salers?

A

A French amer produced in the Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region since 1855.

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91
Q

What are Shooters?

A

A drink made of one or more spirits, and may have non-alcoholic ingredients. Served in a shot glass.

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92
Q

What is the primary grape used in Cognac?

A

Ugni Blanc

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93
Q

Who was Masatak Taketsuru?

A

The first distiller at Suntory distillery in Japan. Trained at Hazelburn in Campbeltown, Scotland.

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94
Q

Where is Noilly Prat currently produced?

A

Marseillan, France - 130 miles from Marseilles.

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95
Q

What is cherry brandy known as in German-speaking countries?

A

Kirsch or Kirschwasser

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96
Q

What is the name of the river that flows through the Cognac region?

A

The Charente.

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97
Q

What is Cachaça?

A

A Brazilian rum produced from sugarcane juice.

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98
Q

What is Americano?

A

A category of aromatized, fortified wines flavored with wormwood and gentian. Not to be confused with the Americano cocktail or coffee drink.

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99
Q

What is Carpano Punt e Mes?

A

A drink that combines vermouth and bitters. Sometimes referred to as vermouth chinato or vermouth amari.

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100
Q

In what country is Potoki vodka produced?

A

Poland

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101
Q

In what country is Belvedere vodka produced?

A

Poland

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102
Q

What is Old Tom Gin?

A

The predominant style of gin in the mid 1800s. Slightly sweet, seeing a resurgence for use in craft cocktails.

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103
Q

How high can a blue agave grow?

A

5-8 feet

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104
Q

What are the aging requirements for Vieille Reserve, Reserve Rare, Reserve Royale Cognac?

A

Minimum 5 years in oak.

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105
Q

What grapes are used in Brandy de Jerez?

A

95% Airen, 5%Palomino.

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106
Q

What is the term for the distillate produced by the first stage of distillation of cognac?

A

Brouillis

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107
Q

Where is apricot brandy made?

A

Mostly Hungary and Austria.

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108
Q

What are the main categories of Jamaican rum?

A

Common Cleans
Plummers
Wedderburns
Continental Flavoreds

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109
Q

What is Orgeat?

A

A non-alcoholic almond-flavored syrup originally produced with a blend of almonds and barley.

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110
Q

What is Raki?

A

An Anise flavored spirit from Turkey.

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111
Q

What is a Fizz?

A

A vintage cocktail containing a spirit (often gin), lemon juice, and sugar, served tall over ice with carbonated water.

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112
Q

What are bonbonnes?

A

Large glass containers (known elsewhere as demijohns) enabling cognac to maintain its required ABV of 40% while continuing to age.

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113
Q

In what country is Koskenkorva vodka produced?

A

Finland

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114
Q

What is Bénédictine?

A

A French amer produced in Fécamp in Normandy, France.

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115
Q

What is a Blended Scotch Whisky?

A

A blend of one or more single malt Scotch whiskies with one or more single grain Scotch whiskies.

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116
Q

Where is Mauritius?

A

In the Indian Ocean 1200 miles off the southeast coast of Africa.

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117
Q

What are Highballs?

A

Drinks made with carbonated mixers, water or juices and served tall on ice in a highball glass.

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118
Q

What is another name for apple brandy in the US?

A

Applejack

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119
Q

What are the three AOCs for Calvados?

A

Calvados AOC
Calvados Pays d’Auge AOC
Calvados Domfrontis AOC

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120
Q

What is Extra-Añejo tequila?

A

A tequila aged for at least 3 years in oak. May also be labeled Ultra-aged.

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121
Q

What Greek island is a traditional center of Ouzo production?

A

Lesvos

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122
Q

What is the only AOC for rum?

A

Rhum de la Martinique AOC

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123
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

The separation and concentration of the mixture of two or more liquids with different boiling points through repeated evaporation and concentration procedures.

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124
Q

In what country is Ketel One vodka produced?

A

Netherlands

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125
Q

What was the first brand of Taiwanese Whisky?

A

Kavalan

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126
Q

What are some anise flavored spirits?

A

Rakii
Arak
Absinthe
Pernod
Pastis
Herbsaint
Ouzo

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127
Q

What is Kir Royale?

A

A sparkling wine/champagne cocktail.

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128
Q

What was the vodka martini originally known as?

A

Kangaroo or Kangaroo Cocktail

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129
Q

What is Zucca?

A

Am Italian amaro created in 1845 using rhubarb, gentian, cardamom, and vanilla, as well as spices and botanicals advised by Chinese herbal medicine.

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130
Q

What other flavor profile, besides almonds, do modern versions of Orgeat often have?

A

A floral component - sometimes rose water or orange flower water.

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131
Q

What is an Abocado con Mezcal?

A

A flavored mezcal that has been infused with an approved flavoring additive.

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132
Q

What is the Marseilles style of vermouth?

A

A vermouth made from barrel-aged base wines resulting in oxidative, lightly wooded, and marsala-like properties.

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133
Q

What are Fee Brothers Bitters?

A

An American bitters product originally started by brothers in a saloon. They come in over a dozen flavors.

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134
Q

What are the aging classifications for tequila?

A

Blanco
Jove
Oro
Reposado
Añejo
Extra-Añejo

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135
Q

What are some representative brands of wheat vodka?

A

Absolut (Sweden)
Grey Goose (France)
Ketel One (The Netherlands)
Sputnik (Russia)

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136
Q

What are the requirements for VSOP, Reserve, Vieux, Very Superior Old Pale Cognac?

A

Minimum 4 years in oak.

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137
Q

What must be done to aguamiel sap from an agave prior to fermentation?

A

The fructans must be converted to fermentable sugars. Often done by hydrolysis and/or heat.

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138
Q

What is a Charentais?

A

The term used for the traditional alembic or pot still used in cognac production.

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139
Q

What is Queimada?

A

A traditional Galician beverage made with Orujo, sugar, lemon peel, cinnamon, and coffee beans. It is set aflame, and stirred until the blue flames die out. May include incantation, based on Celtic lore.

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140
Q

In what country is Absolut vodka produced?

A

Sweden

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141
Q

What is Ugni Blanc also known as in the Cognac region?

A

Saint Emilion

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142
Q

What is mashing?

A

In whiskey production, the biological process where starches are converted into sugar.

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143
Q

What is a Cobbler?

A

A vintage cocktail family made with a base spirit or wine, sugar and fresh fruit. Shaken with ice and poured unstrained into a glass.

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144
Q

Describe the history of the rum industry of Trinidad and Tobago.

A

In the 1700s began to cultivate sugarcane and made rum from molasses. Had close to 50 distilleries producing rum for the British Navy. As subsidies waned, so did production. By 1950, only a handful remained.

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145
Q

What is Añejo tequila?

A

A tequila aged for at least 1 year in oak. May also be labeled Extra-Aged.

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146
Q

What are some brands of vodka made from barley?

A

Finlandia (Finland)
Koskenkorva (Finland)

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147
Q

What is another name for fruit spirit in the EU?

A

Wasser (with the name of the fruit preceding - eg kirschwasser)

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148
Q

What is Clairin?

A

A traditional Haitian rum made by hundreds of tiny distilleries in Haiti. Uses sugarcane varieties native to Haiti, is hand-harvested, uses natural yeast, and is distilled in small batches.

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149
Q

What are the two most common sub categories of Genever?

A

Oude (old) and Jonge (Young)

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150
Q

What is Zwack Unicum?

A

A Hungarian bitter liqueur created using over 40 different botanicals and aged 6 months in oak barrels.

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151
Q

What is Casa Mariol?

A

A Spanish vermouth made by the Vaquer family in Tarragona (Catalonia) Spain for over 100 years.

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152
Q

What is Krupnik?

A

A Polish vodka flavored with clover honey and herbs. Also traditional to Lithuania, known as Krupnikas.

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153
Q

What is Lillet?

A

A mild Quinquina created in Bordeaux.

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154
Q

What is a Single Malt Scotch Whisky?

A

A whiskey distilled at a single distillery in a pot still, solely made with malted barley and no other grains. Must be bottled in Scotland.

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155
Q

What is Reposado Mezcal?

A

A Mezcal aged in wooden barrels (any size) for at least 2 months.

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156
Q

What is Wacholder?

A

A classic German juniper flavored spirit. Mainly found in North Rhine - Westphalia.

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157
Q

What are the main styles of Peruvian Pisco?

A

Pisco Puro (Pure pisco)
Pisco Acholado (blended pisco)
Pisco Mosto Verde (Green must pisco)
Pisco Aromatico (aromatic pisco)

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158
Q

What well-known whisky is from Spain?

A

Whisky DYC

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159
Q

What is Averna?

A

A Sicilian Amaro.

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160
Q

What is a compound gin?

A

Gin made by mixing neutral spirits with natural extracts/flavoring.

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161
Q

What is pear brandy formally called?

A

Eaux de vie de poire

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162
Q

What Mexican state is the largest tequila producer?

A

Jalisco.

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163
Q

What is Fraise?

A

A French eaux-de-vie made from strawberries.

164
Q

What is Aguardente?

A

A Portuguese fine, aged brandy.

165
Q

What is Chambéry?

A

A region in the French alps with a long history of vermouth production. The home of House of Dolin and Distillerie des Alpes

166
Q

What is the French term for the second stage distillation of cognac?

A

Bonne Chauffe.

167
Q

What grape varieties are authorized for use in Peruvian Pisco?

A

Italia
Moscatel
Albilla
Torontel
Quebranta
Ciolla Negra
Mollar

168
Q

What are bagazo?

A

Leftover fibers from the extraction of juice from agave.

169
Q

Where was Midori Melon first produced?

A

Japan, by Suntory

170
Q

What is Herbsaint?

A

An American anise liqueur created in New Orleans

171
Q

What is Primitivo Quiles?

A

A Spanish Vermouth from the Alicante area of Spain. It produces “alpine style” vermouths using red wine based on Mouvedre. Proprietary formula contains cinnamon, clove, ginger, and nutmeg.

172
Q

What is lignin?

A

A “glue-like” substance in oak that helps cement the fiber cells in the wood together. Also the source of methoxyphenols in oak that provides vanilla and smoke aromas.

173
Q

What is Mirabelle?

A

A French plum brandy made from yellow plums.

174
Q

What is Steinhäger?

A

A German juniper flavored spirit over 500 years old. A triple distilled, mellow, grain spirit. It’s packaged in bottles that resemble traditional stone crocks.

175
Q

What is Barack Palinka?

A

Apricot brandy made in Hungary.

176
Q

What are the main differences between Scotch and Irish Whiskey?

A

Irish Whiskey - generally non-peated, Scotch generally peated. Irish Whiskey uses a combination of malted and unmalted barley, while Scotch is 100% malted, giving Irish whisky a unique leathery flavor. Irish Whiskey is often triple-distilled.

177
Q

What is a Sangaree?

A

A vintage wine-based punch. Spirits were sometimes added, with the entire concoction then blended with water, ice, and nutmeg.

178
Q

Which is older, Armagnac or Cognac?

A

Armagnac

179
Q

What is Akvavit?

A

A caraway flavored spirit from Scandinavia. Also includes others spices, herb, or fruit oil, often dill.

180
Q

What is Pisco Envejecido?

A

An aged pisco. Aged in active French or American oak for at least one year, although most age for two or more years.

181
Q

What is a Bounce?

A

Purportedly a specialty of Martha and a favorite of George Washington. In colonial times made from spiced cherries strained and served with a spirit. Modern recipe made with fruit, spices and rye whiskey. Served neat.

182
Q

What are some representative brands of vodka made from corn?

A

Smirnoff (USA, various)
Tito’s (USA)

183
Q

How are barrels of whiskey generally aged in Scotland and Ireland?

A

One story stone buildings
Closely stacked with little circulation
Used barrels, saturated pores.

184
Q

What is a “short” in mixology?

A

A drink generally served in a rocks glass with less than 5 ounces fluid in total.

185
Q

What are the three types of South African brandy?

A

Pot Still Brandy
Blended Brandy
Vintage Brandy

186
Q

What was the first Whisky Distillery in Japan?

A

Suntory

187
Q

What grapes are used in Chilean Pisco?

A

Moscatel (Muscat of Alexandria)
Moscatel Rosado
Moscatel de Austria (Torrontes Sanjuanino)
Torontel (Moscatel Amarillo)

188
Q

Besides Jalisco, what other Mexican states are allowed to produce tequila?

A

Tamaulipas
Guanajuato
Nayarit
Michoacan

189
Q

What are the requirements for XO, Extra and Ancestral cognac?

A

Minimum 10 years in oak.

190
Q

What type of still works in the batch process?

A

The Pot still

191
Q

What two growing districts are considered the highest in quality in Cognac?

A

Grande Champagne (highest)
Petite Champagne (second)

192
Q

What are some juniper flavored spirits other than gin?

A

Steinhäger
Genever
Wacholder

193
Q

What is Pacharán?

A

A flavored spirit produced in northern Spain using sloe berries. May be dry or slightly sweet.

194
Q

What is gentian?

A

A flowering plant that grows in Europe’s mountainous regions. Several used in the production of flavored wines, spirits and other beverages.

195
Q

What are pencas?

A

The long leave of an agave plant.

196
Q

What region is considered to have the highest quality of Armagnac?

A

Bas-Armagnac

197
Q

What are aromatized wines and vermouth classified as in the US?

A

Aperitif wines.

198
Q

What is Noilly Prat?

A

The main producer of Marseilles style vermouth.

199
Q

What is Amarula?

A

A cream liqueur from South Africa.

200
Q

What is Carpano Antica Formula?

A

A high end red vermouth produced by Carpano. Has a heavy addition of vanilla.

201
Q

What is Liquore Strega?

A

An bright yellow Italian liqueur made from over 70 different ingredients, including saffron mint, juniper, and anise.

202
Q

What is Lustau?

A

A Spanish Vermouth from Jerez in Andalucia based on sherry.

203
Q

Where is kirsch believed to have originated?

A

The Black Forest of Germany

204
Q

Who first produced Bailey’s Irish Cream?

A

Gilbeys of Ireland.

205
Q

What is the base material for most rum produced in Barbados?

A

Molasses

206
Q

What are miscible liquids?

A

Liquids that dissolve in one another.

207
Q

Where was Absinthe believed to have been first produced?

A

Neuchatel, Switzerland.

208
Q

What is the type of potable alcohol found in alcoholic beverages?

A

Ethyl Alcohol

209
Q

What is Tia Maria?

A

A dark liqueur flavored with coffee beans, Madagascar vanilla, and Jamaican rum. Originally produced in Jamaica.

210
Q

What are the only two countries permitted to used the term pisco?

A

Chile and Peru

211
Q

What is the second most commonly used botanical in gin?

A

Coriander

212
Q

What is Rosolio?

A

A traditional aperitivo flavored with rose petals.

213
Q

What is Pimm’s No. 1 Cup?

A

An English specialty drink known as a fruit cup.

214
Q

What does the term “up” mean in mixology?

A

A drink that is shaken or stirred with ice to chill, then strained and served without ice, generally in a stemmed glass.

215
Q

What is aguamiel?

A

The juice that builds up in the central rosette stem after the quiote is removed.

216
Q

What is Charanda?

A

A sugarcane distillate produced in Mexico. Has DO status in Mexico. Allowed to be bottled at 35-55%, so doesn’t always meet US or EU rum standards.

217
Q

What is the dominant flavor of gin?

A

Juniper berry

218
Q

What is a “tall” or “long” in mixology?

A

A drink served in an 8-16 oz. highball glass. The amount of mixture is increased in a “tall” drink, but not the amount of alcohol.

219
Q

What is the aging requirement for VSOP Armagnac?

A

Minimum 4 years in oak.

220
Q

What are some marketed high-proofed neutral spirits?

A

Everclear (US)
Primaspirit (Germany)
Spirytus Rektyfikowany (Poland)

221
Q

What is Hammer Head?

A

A Czech malt whiskey produced by Pradlo Distillery.

222
Q

What is Ugni Blanc known as in Italy?

A

Trebbiano Toscano

223
Q

In what country is Wyborowa vodka produced?

A

Poland

224
Q

What liqueur was first made in Zadar on the Dalmation Coast of Croatia?

A

Luxardo Maraschino

225
Q

What is Pox?

A

A Mexican grain-based spirit. Made using a blend of corn, wheat, and/or sugar cane.

226
Q

What American whiskey drink was created in 1787?

A

The Mint Julep.

227
Q

What is Sambuca Romana?

A

An Italian anise - or licorice - flavored liqueur. A neutral spirit flavored with anise, elderberries, and a secret recipe of other essences.

228
Q

How is absinthe made?

A

A base spirit is infused with botanicals (anise, fennel, wormwood, others). Macerated, and then redistilled.

229
Q

What is Okhotnichya?

A

Also known as hunter’s vodka, a Russian vodka flavored with a blend of spiced, including ginger, citrus peel, black and red pepper, cloves, anise, and tormentil (a bitter herb). Traditionally blended with some kind of fortified white wine.

230
Q

What is El Presidente?

A

Mexican brandy - uses mainly Thompson Seedless and Perlette.

231
Q

What is Calvados?

A

An apple brandy produced in the French area of Normandy.

232
Q

What is Byrrh?

A

A Quinquina originally produced in Roussillon in France. Combines a mistelle with dry red wines, and soaked with cinchona bark. Now made by Pernod Ricard.

233
Q

What are the requirements for Hors d’Age (Beyond age) Cognac?

A

Minimum 10 years in oak, but most in this category have been aged for much longer.

234
Q

What are the aging requirements for *** (three star), Selection, VS, Very Special Cognac?

A

Minimum 2 years in oak.

235
Q

What is the Syllabub?

A

A vintage cocktail made with a base of sweetened wine, usually a white wine mixed with sugar and lemon juice. It is mixed with milk or cream, and topped with a meringue-like topping of sweetened, whipped egg whites.

236
Q

Where is Ouzo as a protected product produced?

A

Cyprus
Greece

237
Q

What is the fermented mash in whisky production called?

A

Wash, distillers beer, or beer.

238
Q

What are the levels of cognac?

A

*** (3 stars, VS, Very Special)
Superieur
VSOP, Reserve, Vieux, Very Superior Old Pale
Vieille Reserve, Reserve Rare, Reserve Royale
Napoleon, Tres Vieille Reserve, Heritage
XO, Extra, Ancestral
Hors d”age (“Beyond Age”)
XXO, Extra Extra Old

239
Q

What is Frangelica?

A

Hazelnut liqueur

240
Q

What is Marillenschnaps?

A

An Austrian apricot brandy made in the Wachau region. Has a strong, clean apricot aroma.

241
Q

What is reflux?

A

The process where some of the vapor produced during distillation cools, turns back into liquid form, and drops back into the boiling liquid.

242
Q

What is the minimum aging time for XO Armagnac?

A

10 years in oak

243
Q

What is Blended Malt Scotch Whisky?

A

A blend of two or more single malt Scotch whiskeys that have been produced at more than one distillery.

244
Q

What was the Smash?

A

A vintage cocktail made with fresh mint muddled with sugar, shaken with a spirit, and strained over ice. Some versions include fruit in the recipe smashed along with the mint.

245
Q

How long does the Lincoln County Process generally take?

A

A week to several weeks.

246
Q

What is Jinro?

A

The most widely distributed brand of Soju

247
Q

What are considered the four most important grapes in the production of armagnac?

A

Ugni Blanc
Baco Blanc
Folle Blanche
Colombard

248
Q

What are the two types of wood-aged Chilean Pisco?

A

Pisco de Guarda
Pisco Envejecido

249
Q

Where is Malibu made?

A

Barbados

250
Q

What does cellulose provide in oak?

A

Structural integrity and chemical resistance. Sometimes called the skeleton.

251
Q

What is St. Raphael?

A

A French quinquina created in 1830 flavored with quinine extract, bitter oranges, cocoa, vanilla, and other ingredients. Both amber and rouge versions produced.

252
Q

How are barrels of whiskey generally aged in the US?

A

Rackhouses - generally several stories high - wide temperature fluctuations
Casks generally not stacked on each other - more air circulation
New oak, less saturated pores

253
Q

What percentage of Scotch consumed worldwide is Blended Scotch Whisky?

A

About 90%

254
Q

Where is whisky produced in France?

A

In Brittany and Alsace (both have GI status).

255
Q

Which areas produce French style rum?

A

Guadeloupe
Haiti
Martinique
Grenada

256
Q

What is the aging requirement for Calvados AOC?

A

2 years in oak barrels.

257
Q

What percentage of cognac is produced by the four largest cognac houses?

A

Nearly 80%

258
Q

What is Pernod?

A

An anise spirit similar to absinthe, but without the wormwood and lower in alcohol. Created when Maison Pernod Fils Distillery in Pontarlier reopened in 1928.

259
Q

What is the first brand of vodka to be produced in the US?

A

Smirnoff

260
Q

What type of rum does Guadeloupe produce?

A

Rhum Agricole
Molasses based rum

261
Q

What is Gin de Mahon?

A

A gin produced in Menorca (Spanish Baleoric Island). A white wine spirit - redistilled in wood fired copper pot. Aged in oak. Has a GI designation.

262
Q

How wide can a blue agave grow?

A

8-12 feet.

263
Q

What botanicals are known for the carminative properties?

A

Angelica, aniseed, basil, caraway, cardamom, cinnamon, coriander, cumin, dill, fennel, ginger, hops, nutmeg, parsley and sage.

264
Q

What is Torino-style vermouth?

A

Often called Italian vermouth, red vermouth, or sweet vermouth, has floral notes and spice aromas above its herbal character.

265
Q

What is Irish Pot Still Whiskey?

A

Produced using a mash containing at least 30% malted barley and a minimum of 30% unmalted barley. Remainder can be malted/unmalted barley, and up to 5% other unmalted cereal grains (oats or rye). The wort is separated from solids before fermentation - must use pot stills.

266
Q

What are the main styles of gin?

A

London Dry Gin
Plymouth Gin
Old Tom Gin
Gin de Mahón
Vilnius Gin
Flavored Gins

267
Q

What are some common flavors found in Falernum?

A

Lime, Almond, ginger and cloves.

268
Q

In what country is Ciroc vodka produced?

A

France

269
Q

About how many wine producing regions in France make Marc?

A

More than 30

270
Q

What are clear spirits made from a mixture of fruit made in Austria, Switzerland, and southern Germany called?

A

Schnapps

271
Q

What is freeze distillation?

A

The historic method of Applejack production. Apple cider was left outside to freeze, and chunks of ice were chipped off to concentrate the alcohol content.

272
Q

What is straight whiskey?

A

The US definition for whiskey that conforms to either Bourbon, Rye of Corn whiskey and has been stored for a period of two years or more in the type of oak container prescribed.

273
Q

What is Batavia Arrack?

A

A spirit produced in Indonesia from sugarcane and red rice, fermented with local yeast. Pot stilled and unaged.

274
Q

Which countries have GI status from the EU for their Vodka?

A

Poland
Estonia
Sweden
Finland
Lithuania
Norway

275
Q

What is John Distilleries?

A

An Indian distillery that produces high quality grain-based whisky.

276
Q

What is Framboise?

A

A French eaux-de-vie made from Raspberries.

277
Q

What is Becherovka?

A

A Czech bittered spirit, currently produced by Pernod Ricard..

278
Q

What is the definition of brandy in the EU?

A

A spirit distilled from grape wine. (Other wine spirits can be added)

279
Q

What is used to make Germany brandy?

A

Imported wine, mostly from Spain.

280
Q

What is Suma?

A

The base spirit used for making Raki.

281
Q

What is a geist spirit?

A

A spirit made by macerating soft fruits in neutral alcohol to impart their flavor, and then the resulting infused liquid is distilled.

282
Q

What is Crème Yvette?

A

A liqueur flavored with violet petals as well as blackberries, raspberries, wild strawberries, orange peel, and vanilla.

283
Q

What is Tuaca?

A

A vanilla flavored liqueur from Livorno Italy. Now produced in Louisville, KY.

284
Q

How are the grapes of Bon Bois described?

A

Not as ordinary as Bois Ordinaires and not as fine as Fins Bois.

285
Q

What is Vini Amari/Chinati?

A

Aromatized, unfortified wines produced using a variety of bitter and herbal flavorings.

286
Q

What are the two types of pomace brandy distributed internationally?

A

Grappa (Italy) and Marc (France)

287
Q

What is a Black Russian?

A

Vodka and Kahlua

288
Q

What is Sotol?

A

A distilled spirit made from the Dasylirion plant group - known as the desert spoon plant or sotol. Formerly thought to be agave but recently reclassified. Produced similarly to Mezcal.

289
Q

What type of wine base are most vermouths made from?

A

White wine

290
Q

Rums from what countries make up the traditional blend of navy style rum?

A

Guyana
Jamaica
Barbados
Trinidad

291
Q

What is Reposado tequila?

A

A tequila aged for a minimum of 2 months in oak.

292
Q

Which Cognac growing region is located to the north of the Charente River?

A

Borderies.

293
Q

What are the differences between Oude and Jonge Genever?

A

It describes the style of the genever, not the aging requirements. Oude must contain a minimum 15% malt spirit and is straw colored and relatively sweet. Jonge is drier and lighter in body, and may not contain more than 15% malt spirit.

294
Q

What is Vilnius Gin?

A

A Lithuanian gin flavored with, in addition to juniper, coriander seed, dill seed, and orange peel. Bottled at 45% ABV. Similar in style to London Dry.

295
Q

What are the classifications for Mezcal relating to age?

A

White/Joven
Madurado en vidrio (matured in glass)
Reposado
Añejo
Abocado
Destilado con (Distilled with)

296
Q

What is a difference between Cointreau and other orange liqueurs?

A

It was developed to be a less sweet version of other orange liqueurs.

297
Q

What is Plymouth Gin?

A

A gin produced in Plymouth, England that is distinctive due to its full body, fruity aromas. Very aromatic - an example is Black Friars.

298
Q

What are the requirements for XXO, Extra Extra Old cognac?

A

Minimum of 14 years in oak.

299
Q

What is Carpano?

A

A notable producer of Torino-style vermouth, founded in 1786. Pioneered the sweeter, darker style of Torino vermouth.

300
Q

What percentage of grapes used for the production of Armagnac are Ugni Blanc?

A

Nearly 60%

301
Q

In what country is Polstar vodka produced?

A

Iceland

302
Q

What is Pastis?

A

An anise based spirit containing anise, fennel, licorice root, and 48 other botanicals

303
Q

Which state in Australia has the largest concentration of whisky distilleries?

A

Tasmania (more than 20)

304
Q

What is Cocchi Americano?

A

An Americano aromatized wine produced in Piedmont.

305
Q

What are the points of separation between the heads and heart and the heart and tails called?

A

Cut Points.

306
Q

What is a Crusta?

A

A vintage cocktail that was made with a mix of cognac, orange liqueur, Angostura bitters, and lemon juice. Garnished with long loop of lemon peel and sugared rim.

307
Q

What is the full name of cognac?

A

eau-de-vie de Cognac
eau-de-vie des Charentes

308
Q

What does amer mean?

A

The French word for bitter.

309
Q

What is Kir?

A

A white wine and cassis cocktail.

310
Q

What are some
Fine Brandies?

A

Fine de Bordeaux
Fine de Bourgogne
Fine de la Marne

311
Q

What is Ramazzotti?

A

One of the oldest amari in Italy from Milan, based on a proprietary blend of 33 herbs, roots and other botanicals.

312
Q

What flavors does the use of unmalted grains have on the flavor profile of Irish Whiskey?

A

It may give a unique “leathery” flavor.

313
Q

What is thujone?

A

A chemical compound found in trace amounts in wormwood.

314
Q

What is Quinquina?

A

Flavored and fortified wine with Cinchona bark as the primary botanical.

315
Q

What is Primaspirit?

A

A German neutral spirit bottled at 95.6& ABV. Sold primarily for use in homemade liqueurs. Sometimes called Neutralalkohol.

316
Q

What are some other possible labeling terms for Blanco tequila?

A

White, Silver, Plata

317
Q

What is the minimum time that cognac must mature in oak?

A

2 years.

318
Q

What is Bärenfang?

A

A German vodka-based honey liqueur.

319
Q

What was the first brand of vodka to be imported into the US from Russia?

A

Stolichnaya

320
Q

In what country is Iceberg vodka produced?

A

Canada

321
Q

What are the three distilleries operated by Suntory?

A

Suntory (Yamazaki - near Osaka)
Hakushu (near Hokuto)
Chita (On Chita Peninsula)

322
Q

What is British Style rum?

A

Dark, rich and heavy in style, with fully body and pungent aroma.

323
Q

In what country is Ultimat vodka produced?

A

Poland

324
Q

What is a synonym for brandy in the EU?

A

Weinbrand

325
Q

What is Bacanora?

A

An agave distillate made in the state of Sonora in the north of Mexico.

326
Q

What is a Flip?

A

A vintage cocktail made with a spirit(s), sugar, spices and whole raw egg (with cream optional).

327
Q

What rums are produced on St. Croix?

A

Cruzan Rum
Captain Morgan

328
Q

What is dunder?

A

Highly acidic, yeast rich foam leftovers that remain in the stills after rum distillation is complete.

329
Q

What is Rock & Rye?

A

An American liqueur made from rye whiskey and rock candy (or now, simple syrup).

330
Q

What is Destilado con Mezcal?

A

Mezcal that is distilled with other ingredients.

331
Q

What are two names of the swollen portion of the agave?

A

Piña - resembles a pineapple
Cabeza - looks like the shape of a head.

332
Q

What is Perucchi?

A

A Spanish vermouth producer in Catalonia with a range of products including re white, extra dry, reservas, and special editions. Based on Spanish wines from Emporda, Valencia, and La Mancha.

333
Q

What is Drambuie?

A

A Scottish liqueur made from Scotch malt whisky and heather honey, with a secret recipe of herbs and spices.

334
Q

What was the original name of Southern Comfort?

A

Cuffs and Buttons.

335
Q

What are the requirements for Superieur Cognac?

A

Minimum 3 years in oak.

336
Q

What is Applejack?

A

A US brandy made from apple cider.

337
Q

What is the tradition center of Mezcal production?

A

Oaxaca

338
Q

What is Southern Comfort?

A

A liqueur invented in New Orleans, originally made from bourbon.

339
Q

What is the largest subcategory of aromatized wines?

A

Vermouth

340
Q

What is Irish Grain Whiskey?

A

A whiskey produced from a mash containing a maximum of 30% malted barley. The rest made up of unmalted cereal grains. Uses column stills. Typically used in blends

341
Q

When and where were Peychaud’s Bitters invented?

A

New Orleans in 1830.

342
Q

What is Weinbrand Uralt?

A

A German brandy aged for a minimum of twelve months in wood.

343
Q

In what country is Charbay vodka produced?

A

USA

344
Q

What is a mash cooker?

A

The vessel where the ground grains are mixed with hot water.

345
Q

Besides sugarcane or molasses, what other product is allowed to be used in the production of Cachaça?

A

A percentage of corn or corn syrup.

346
Q

From what oak are most barrels for aging most cognac made?

A

Limousin

347
Q

What is Tuzemak?

A

A traditional Czech spirit produced from potatoes or sugar beets. Typically sweetened and flavored, eg with cinnamon, anise, or caramel.

348
Q

What is anethole?

A

A flavor compound that has a licorice-like aroma and flavor.

349
Q

What are the six crus of Cognac?

A

Grande Champagne
Petite Champagne
Borderies
Fin Bois
Bons Bois
Bois Ordinaires

350
Q

What are the three categories of spirits that are brandy de Jerez?

A

Holandas
Aguardiente
Destilado.

351
Q

What is Kubanskaya?

A

A Russian vodka flavored with dried lemon and orange peel, sometimes honey.

352
Q

What is Heering Cherry Liqueur?

A

Often called Cherry Heering, a Danish cherry liqueur.

353
Q

What are the aging requirements for Napoleon, Tres Vielille Reserve, Heritage Cognac?

A

Minimum 6 years in oak.

354
Q

What region in Armagnac produces the largest amount of grapes?

A

Bas-Armagnac

355
Q

What are the aging designations for Rhum Martinique?

A

VO - 3 years in oak
VSOP - 4 years in oak
XO - 6 years in oak.

356
Q

What is Absinthe?

A

A spirit produced using anise, sweet fennel, and wormwood.

357
Q

What countries produce British style rum?

A

Jamaica
Guyana
Barbados
Trinidad and Tobago
St. Lucia

358
Q

What is a Chaser?

A

A mixer or water served on the side, generally meant to be sipped after a drink of a straight shot of liquor.

359
Q

What are the two main agave producing regions of Jalisco?

A

The Amatitán/Lowlands Region
Los Altos/Highlands Region

360
Q

What is wort?

A

The sugary liquid drained off the malt. Also called mash.

361
Q

What is Single Grain Scotch Whisky?

A

A Scotch whisky distilled at a single distillery and produced from other grains in addition to malted barley. Must contain at least some malted barley.

362
Q

Which region in Scotland contains the most operating distilleries?

A

Speyside

363
Q

In what country is Ikon vodka produced?

A

Russia

364
Q

How is saccharification typically accomplished?

A

By heating the starch to trigger production of enzymes that cause the conversion to sugars.

365
Q

What is Liquore Galliano L’Autentico?

A

A sweet herbal liqueur from Italy. Most of its flavor is from anise and vanilla.

366
Q

What is Poire Williams?

A

A pear spirit produced using the Williams, or Bartlett, variety.

367
Q

What is the main difference between fermentation containers in Scotland vs the US?

A

In Scotland, they are closed, in the US, they are generally open.

368
Q

What is the westernmost growing region in Cognac?

A

Bois Ordinaires.

369
Q

In what country is Grey Goose vodka produced?

A

France

370
Q

In what country is Zytnia vodka produced?

A

Poland

371
Q

What is Pradlo Distillery?

A

A Czech distillery that produced the malt whiskey marketed as Hammer Head.

372
Q

What is Pertsovka?

A

A Russian term for vodka flavored with red chili pepper. Traditionally would have included honey.

373
Q

What type of lemons are traditionally used in Limoncello?

A

The zest of Sorrento lemons.

374
Q

What are some anise flavored plants?

A

Star Anise
Green Anise
Fennel
Licorice Root

375
Q

What is the largest producer of Rye Whiskey in the US?

A

MGP Distilling

376
Q

What is added to a base spirit to make Raki?

A

The base spirit is redistilled with aniseed.

377
Q

What are the three subregions of Armagnac?

A

Bas-Armagnac
Tenareze
Haut-Armagnac

378
Q

What is Hemicellulose in oak?

A

An organic compound responsible for the red layer that forms in charred barrels. It contains many different sugars easily soluble in alcohol.

379
Q

What is the Rob Roy?

A

A variation of the Manhattan made from Scotch Whiskey instead of blended whiskey.

380
Q

What is a quiote?

A

A fast growing stalk on an agave plant, the if left to mature will produce flowers and eventually seeds.

381
Q

What is rectification?

A

The process of concentrating the alcohol content in a liquid by repeated distillation.

382
Q

What is Oro tequila?

A

A blend of young/unaged tequila with older tequila.

383
Q

What is Zubrówka?

A

A Polish vodka flavored with bison grass.

384
Q

What is the House of Dolin?

A

One of the original producers of Chambéry vermouth. Produces several styles of vermouth.

385
Q

What is French Style rum?

A

Originally modeled on French brandies. Produced using sugarcane rather than molasses. More fruity and floral notes.

386
Q

What are the four main cognac houses?

A

Hennessy
Martell
Remy Martin
Courvoisier

387
Q

What distilleries were founded by Masataka Taketsuru?

A

Yoichi (Hokkaido)
Miyagikyo (Sendai - on Honshu)

388
Q

What is Fernet Branca?

A

A spirit amari invented in Milan in 1845.

389
Q

What other category of beverage could aromatized wines technically be classified as?

A

Fortified wines

390
Q

What is Quinquina?

A

Aromatized, fortified wines flavored with cinchona bark (also known as quina, kina, or china - the Italian pronunciation)

391
Q

What grain are Mexican whiskies usually produced with?

A

Heirloom corn varieties.

392
Q

What is Miske?

A

A traditional agave spirit from Ecuador. Has DO status.

393
Q

What are the two steps for mashing in whiskey production?

A

Liquification
Saccharification

394
Q

What is Ronmiel de Canarias?

A

A GI status rum based liqueur from the Canary Islands. Flavored with at least 2% honey, diluted with water to be between 20-30% ABV.

395
Q

What is pulque?

A

Fermented juice made from agave.

396
Q

What is Picon?

A

A French amer with a distinctly bitter orange flavor developed in 1837.

397
Q

What is the Lincoln County Process?

A

A filtering technique where a deep bed of sugar maple charcoal is used to remove some of the whiskey’s lighter aldehydic congeners, giving the remaining spirit a smooth texture and a full, robust flavor.

398
Q

What is Demerara Rum?

A

A rum produced in Guyana, used in “navy blends”.

399
Q

What types of rum are produced in Mauritius?

A

Until 2006, only molasses-based. Now sugarcane juice allowed. Also make Island Rum

400
Q

What is Mount Gay?

A

The world’s oldest documented rum brand located in Barbados.

401
Q

What is a Calibogus?

A

A popular vintage drink of rum, spruce beer and molasses. Now made with rum, molasses and lime juice with a drop of pine tincture or a splash of pine liqueur. Served with soda over ice.

402
Q

What are the processes involved in oak maturation?

A

Extraction
Evaporation
Oxidation
Concentration
Filtration
Coloration

403
Q

What flavor is RumChata derived from?

A

Horchata.

404
Q

What are some names for neutral spirits made for use in other final products?

A

New Make Spirit
Rectified Spirit
Eau-de-Vie.

405
Q

What is Raicilla?

A

An agave based distillate made in central Jalisco for over 400 years.

406
Q

What is an Irish Malt Whiskey?

A

A whiskey made from 100% malted barley, with the wort separated from the solids before fermentation, and distilled in pot stills.

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