Eukaryotic cells 2 - Protein Transport Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the endoplasmic reticulum

A

network of membranes inside a cell through which proteins and other molecules move

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2
Q

What are ribsomes made from

A

ribsomal RNA and protein

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3
Q

What is the main type of ribsomes found in eukaroytic cells

A

80S

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4
Q

What does the S stand for

A

Svedberg - unit measured how quickly particles settle in the centrifuge

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5
Q

What does the rate of sedimentation depend on

A

size and shape of the particle

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6
Q

what are 80s ribsomes broken down into

A

40S small subunit and 60s large subunit

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7
Q

What is the ratio of RNA: Protein in 80s ribsomes

A

1:1

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8
Q

Where can 70S ribosomes be found

A

prokaroytic cells and in the chroplasts of plant cells

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9
Q

Where are 70s ribosomes found

A

Prokaroytic cells and chlorplasts

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10
Q

What are 70’s ribosomes made up of

A

small 30S subunit and a larger 50s subunit

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11
Q

What is the ratio of RNA protein in 70S ribosomes

A

2:1

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12
Q

Where are 70S ribsomes reproduced

A

In the mitochondria and chloroplasts independently when a cell divides

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13
Q

What are 80S ribosomes

A

Main type of ribsomes dound in eukaroyic cells , consisting of ribosmal RNA and protein, made up of a 60S and a 40S subunit
They are at the site of protein synthesis

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14
Q

What are 70S ribsomes

A

Found in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells in the porkaytoic organisms

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15
Q

What is rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

A

they are coverd in 80S ribosomes and which is involved in the production and transport of proteins

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16
Q

What are the adpation of the RER

A

Large surface area for the synthesis of all these proteins and it stores and transports then both within the cell and from the inside to the outside

17
Q

What is smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

A

Is a smooth tubular structure similar to RER but without the ribsomes which is involved in the synthesis and transport of steroids and lipids in the cell

18
Q

What does the golgi appartus look like

A

rather dense area of cytoplasm

19
Q

What is the goligi appartus made up of

A

Stacks of parrallel, flattened membrane pockets called a cisternae, formed by vesicles from the endoplamsic retictulam fusing together

20
Q

What is the function of the golgi appratus

A

Proteins are brought to the golgi apparatus in vesicles that have pinched off from the RER where they were made. The vesicles fuse with the membrane sacs of the golgi apparatus and the proteins enter the golgi stacks, As the proteins travels the GA they are modified in various ways

21
Q

Organeels in the cells of your body that are worm out need to be destoryed by what ?

A

Lysomes

22
Q

What do lysomes look like

A

They appear dark, spherical bodies in the cytoplasm of most cells and they contain a powerful mix of digestive enzymes

23
Q

Why may a lysome fuse with the outer cell membrane

A

To release its enzyme outside the cell as extracellular enzymes e.g destroy bacteria

24
Q

Why do lysomes self destruct

A

Id an entire cell is wearing out and needs to be removed during devleopment the lysomes may rupture releasing their enzymes to destriy the entire contents of a cell

25
Q

What is apoptosis

A

is a progrmaaed cell death- the breakdown of worn out damaged or diseased cells by lysosmes

26
Q

Why is lysosome

A

An organeele full of digestive enzymes used to break down worn out or organelles , or digest food in simple organisms

27
Q

What is GA

A

Consists stacks of membranes that modify proteins made elsewhere in the cell and package them into vesicles for transport