Eukaryotic cells 2 - Protein Transport Flashcards
what is the endoplasmic reticulum
network of membranes inside a cell through which proteins and other molecules move
What are ribsomes made from
ribsomal RNA and protein
What is the main type of ribsomes found in eukaroytic cells
80S
What does the S stand for
Svedberg - unit measured how quickly particles settle in the centrifuge
What does the rate of sedimentation depend on
size and shape of the particle
what are 80s ribsomes broken down into
40S small subunit and 60s large subunit
What is the ratio of RNA: Protein in 80s ribsomes
1:1
Where can 70S ribosomes be found
prokaroytic cells and in the chroplasts of plant cells
Where are 70s ribosomes found
Prokaroytic cells and chlorplasts
What are 70’s ribosomes made up of
small 30S subunit and a larger 50s subunit
What is the ratio of RNA protein in 70S ribosomes
2:1
Where are 70S ribsomes reproduced
In the mitochondria and chloroplasts independently when a cell divides
What are 80S ribosomes
Main type of ribsomes dound in eukaroyic cells , consisting of ribosmal RNA and protein, made up of a 60S and a 40S subunit
They are at the site of protein synthesis
What are 70S ribsomes
Found in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells in the porkaytoic organisms
What is rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
they are coverd in 80S ribosomes and which is involved in the production and transport of proteins
What are the adpation of the RER
Large surface area for the synthesis of all these proteins and it stores and transports then both within the cell and from the inside to the outside
What is smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
Is a smooth tubular structure similar to RER but without the ribsomes which is involved in the synthesis and transport of steroids and lipids in the cell
What does the golgi appartus look like
rather dense area of cytoplasm
What is the goligi appartus made up of
Stacks of parrallel, flattened membrane pockets called a cisternae, formed by vesicles from the endoplamsic retictulam fusing together
What is the function of the golgi appratus
Proteins are brought to the golgi apparatus in vesicles that have pinched off from the RER where they were made. The vesicles fuse with the membrane sacs of the golgi apparatus and the proteins enter the golgi stacks, As the proteins travels the GA they are modified in various ways
Organeels in the cells of your body that are worm out need to be destoryed by what ?
Lysomes
What do lysomes look like
They appear dark, spherical bodies in the cytoplasm of most cells and they contain a powerful mix of digestive enzymes
Why may a lysome fuse with the outer cell membrane
To release its enzyme outside the cell as extracellular enzymes e.g destroy bacteria
Why do lysomes self destruct
Id an entire cell is wearing out and needs to be removed during devleopment the lysomes may rupture releasing their enzymes to destriy the entire contents of a cell
What is apoptosis
is a progrmaaed cell death- the breakdown of worn out damaged or diseased cells by lysosmes
Why is lysosome
An organeele full of digestive enzymes used to break down worn out or organelles , or digest food in simple organisms
What is GA
Consists stacks of membranes that modify proteins made elsewhere in the cell and package them into vesicles for transport
