Eukaryotic cells 1 - Common Cellular Structures

Question 1

What is a eukarotic cell

Answer 1

any cell or organism that possesses a clearly defined nucleus

Question 2

what is the functions of membranes in eukaroytic cells

Answer 2

They localise enzymes in reaction pathways `

Question 3

Describe the nucleus in Euarkotic cells

Answer 3

The largest orangelle in the cell

Spherical in shape

Surronunded by a double nuclear membrane containing holes or pores known as a nuclear envelope

Question 4

Why does the nucleus have pores

Answer 4

Chemicals can pass in and out of the nucleus through these pores so that the nucleus can controll events in the cytoplasm

Question 5

What is inside the nuclear envlope

Answer 5

nucleic acids and proteins

Question 6

What are the nucleic acids in the nuclear envlope

Answer 6

DNA and RNA

Question 7

What happens when the cell is not activley dividing

Answer 7

the DNA is bonded to the protein to form chromatin

Question 8

What else is in the nucleus

Answer 8

a nucleous - extra dense area of almost pure DNA and protein

Question 9

What is the nueclous involved in

Answer 9

production of ribsomes

Question 10

What is the role of the mitochondria in eukaroytic cells

Answer 10

molecules are oxidised in the processes of cellular respiration producing ATP that can be used to drive other functions of the cell and indeed the organism

Question 11

what surrounds the mitochondria

Answer 11

and outer and inner membrane

Question 12

Why do mitochondria have the own gentic material

Answer 12

so that when a cell divides the mitochondria replicate themselves under the control of the nucleus

Question 13

The mitochondrial DNA is what

Answer 13

part of the whole genome of the organis m

Question 14

What is the structure of mitochondria

Answer 14

the inner membrane is folded to form cristae which give a very large surface area, surrounded by a fluid matrix. This structure is closely integrated with the events in cellualr respiration that take place in the mitchondria

Question 15

in each cell there is a pair of what

Answer 15

centriloes near the nucleus

Question 16

What is the centrole made up of

Answer 16

bundle of 9 tubles

Question 17

What are the centrioles involved with

Answer 17

cell division when a cell divides the centrioles pull apart to produce a spindle of microtubles that are involved in the movement of the chromosomes

Question 18

What is a cytoskelton

Answer 18

3D web like strucutre that fills the cytoplasm

Question 19

What is the cytoskelton made up

Answer 19

microfilaments which are protein fibres and microbtubles- tiny protein tubes

Question 20

Where are microtubles found

Answer 20

they are found singly and in bundle throughout the cytoplasm

Question 21

What do microtubles consist of

Answer 21

globular protein tubulin

Question 22

What is the function of the cytoskelton

Answer 22

gives the cytoplams a strucutre and keeps the organelles in palce

The cytoskleton is closely linked with the cell movements and transport within cells

Question 23

Are vaculoes permanent

Answer 23

NO as they formed and lost as needed

Question 24

What is the protplasm

Answer 24

the cytoplasm and nucleus combines

Question 25

Whar does scanning EM show

Answer 25

Intact organelles allowing detailed measurremnts of the outer dimensions to be taken or it can take 4d images along fracture lines