2.2- Prokarytoic cells Flashcards
How does water go into a bacteria cell
osmosis
What is the role of the cell wall in a bacteria cell
stop its from swelling and bursting and maintains the shape of the bacterium
What do ALL bacteria cells contain
peptolgycan
What is peptidoglycan
a large net, net like molecule found in all baterial cell walls made up of many parallel polysacharide chains with short peptide cross linkages
What is the role of the slime layer (capsule) in bacteria
it protects it from phogoyctoysis by white blood cells
What are the capsules made from
starch, geleatin , protein
What are pilli
thread like protein projections found on the surface of some bateria
What are the uses for pilli
pilli are used for host cell attachement and sexual reproduction
What is the bad thing about pilli
they make the bacteria more vunerable for viral infections
How does the bacteria make its self prone to viral infections
the bateriophage can use pilli as an entry point to cell
What is a plasmid
`small circular peices of DNA that code for specific aspects of the bacterial phenotype
How can plasmids can be transferred
via sexual reproduction using the pilli
Describe the gentic material in prokatoryic cells
Consists of a single length of DNA often ciruclar which is not contained in a membrane bound nucleus
What is a nucleioid
the area in a bacterium where we find the single length of coiled DNA
the area in a bacterium where we find the single length of coiled DNA is what
nucleioid
What is the imporatnce of gram staining
diffrent types of bacteria are vulnerable to diffrent types of anitibiotics
What is gram staining tec
technique used to distingiush types of bacteria by the cell wall
What is a gram postive bacteria
bacteria that contain teichoic acid in their cell walls and stain purple/ blue with gram staining
What is teichoic acid
Chemical found in the cell walls of gram postive bacteria
What is a gram negative bacteria
bacteria have no techooic acid in their cell walls . they stain red with gram staining
the cell walls of gram negative bacteria have what
thin later of peptodoglycan with no teichocic acid between two laters of membrane
How else can you classify bacteria
by their shape
What does cocci mean
spherical
What does bacilli mean
rod shaped
what does spirlia mean
twisted
what does vibrios mean
comma shaped
What is the diffrence in the strucutre of the walls of gram + and gram - bacteria
the cell walls of gram - have a thin layer of peptidoglycan which no teichoic acid between 2 layers of membrane
Describe gram + bacteria
thick layer of peptiglcoyan containing teichoic acid
Describe gram -
much harder to treat bc peptiglycoaghn is layer is hidden and less vital
it is also protected by a second outer membrane
what does gram staning do
affects the type of cell wall
How do antibitoics work?
affecting the bacteria cell wall, cell menerbane, genetic wall the enzymes and the ribsomes
What ribsomes do PC have
70S (plays a central role in protein synthesis)
Where is the DNA found in PC
Nucleioid
Describe the GM in PC
single length of DNA often circualr which is not contained in a membrane bound nucleus
What is a plasmid
small, circular pieces of DNA that code for specific aspects of the bacterial phenotype
How can plasmids be transfeered?
sexual reproduction using the pilli
Cell surface membrane in prokarytoic cell
bacteria have no mitochondria so the cell membrane is also the site if some of the respiratory enzymes
