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Topic 2 Biology > 2.2- Prokarytoic cells > Flashcards

2.2- Prokarytoic cells Flashcards

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1
Q

How does water go into a bacteria cell

A

osmosis

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2
Q

What is the role of the cell wall in a bacteria cell

A

stop its from swelling and bursting and maintains the shape of the bacterium

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3
Q

What do ALL bacteria cells contain

A

peptolgycan

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4
Q

What is peptidoglycan

A

a large net, net like molecule found in all baterial cell walls made up of many parallel polysacharide chains with short peptide cross linkages

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5
Q

What is the role of the slime layer (capsule) in bacteria

A

it protects it from phogoyctoysis by white blood cells

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6
Q

What are the capsules made from

A

starch, geleatin , protein

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7
Q

What are pilli

A

thread like protein projections found on the surface of some bateria

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8
Q

What are the uses for pilli

A

pilli are used for host cell attachement and sexual reproduction

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9
Q

What is the bad thing about pilli

A

they make the bacteria more vunerable for viral infections

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10
Q

How does the bacteria make its self prone to viral infections

A

the bateriophage can use pilli as an entry point to cell

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11
Q

What is a plasmid

A

`small circular peices of DNA that code for specific aspects of the bacterial phenotype

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12
Q

How can plasmids can be transferred

A

via sexual reproduction using the pilli

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13
Q

Describe the gentic material in prokatoryic cells

A

Consists of a single length of DNA often ciruclar which is not contained in a membrane bound nucleus

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14
Q

What is a nucleioid

A

the area in a bacterium where we find the single length of coiled DNA

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15
Q

the area in a bacterium where we find the single length of coiled DNA is what

A

nucleioid

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16
Q

What is the imporatnce of gram staining

A

diffrent types of bacteria are vulnerable to diffrent types of anitibiotics

17
Q

What is gram staining tec

A

technique used to distingiush types of bacteria by the cell wall

18
Q

What is a gram postive bacteria

A

bacteria that contain teichoic acid in their cell walls and stain purple/ blue with gram staining

19
Q

What is teichoic acid

A

Chemical found in the cell walls of gram postive bacteria

20
Q

What is a gram negative bacteria

A

bacteria have no techooic acid in their cell walls . they stain red with gram staining

21
Q

the cell walls of gram negative bacteria have what

A

thin later of peptodoglycan with no teichocic acid between two laters of membrane

22
Q

How else can you classify bacteria

A

by their shape

23
Q

What does cocci mean

A

spherical

24
Q

What does bacilli mean

A

rod shaped

25
Q

what does spirlia mean

A

twisted

26
Q

what does vibrios mean

A

comma shaped

27
Q

What is the diffrence in the strucutre of the walls of gram + and gram - bacteria

A

the cell walls of gram - have a thin layer of peptidoglycan which no teichoic acid between 2 layers of membrane

27
Q

Describe gram + bacteria

A

thick layer of peptiglcoyan containing teichoic acid

28
Q

Describe gram -

A

much harder to treat bc peptiglycoaghn is layer is hidden and less vital
it is also protected by a second outer membrane

29
Q

what does gram staning do

A

affects the type of cell wall

30
Q

How do antibitoics work?

A

affecting the bacteria cell wall, cell menerbane, genetic wall the enzymes and the ribsomes

31
Q

What ribsomes do PC have

A

70S (plays a central role in protein synthesis)

32
Q

Where is the DNA found in PC

A

Nucleioid

33
Q

Describe the GM in PC

A

single length of DNA often circualr which is not contained in a membrane bound nucleus

34
Q

What is a plasmid

A

small, circular pieces of DNA that code for specific aspects of the bacterial phenotype

35
Q

How can plasmids be transfeered?

A

sexual reproduction using the pilli

36
Q

Cell surface membrane in prokarytoic cell

A

bacteria have no mitochondria so the cell membrane is also the site if some of the respiratory enzymes

Topic 2 Biology (32 decks)

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