Eukaryotic cell structure - 2.5 (1)

Question 1

What do plant cells have?

Answer 1

all of the cellular components that are in animal cells

Question 2

Are there some structures that can only be seen in plant cells, that carry out photosynthesis?

Answer 2

yes

Question 3

What do plant cells have?

Answer 3

rigid structures

Question 4

What do plant cell wall’s surround?

Answer 4

the cell-surface membrane

Question 5

What are plant cell walls made of?

Answer 5

cellulose, a complex carbohydrate

Question 6

What is freely permeable?

Answer 6

plant cell walls

Question 7

Why are plant cell walls freely permeable?

Answer 7

so substances can pass into and out of the cell through the cellulose wall

Question 8

What gives the shape of a plant cell?

Answer 8

the cell wall

Question 9

What presses against the cell wall making it rigid?

Answer 9

the contents of the cell

Question 10

By the contents of the cell pressing against the cell wall making it rigid, what does this support?

Answer 10

both the individual cell and the plant as a whole

Question 11

What does the cell wall act as?

Answer 11

a defense mechanism, protecting the contents of the cell against invading pathogens

Question 12

What do all plant cells have?

Answer 12

cellulose cell walls

Question 13

What are vacuoles?

Answer 13

membrane lined sacs in the cytoplasm containing cell sap

Question 14

What do many plant cells contain?

Answer 14

a large permanent vacuole

Question 15

Why is the large permanent vacuole for plant cells important?

Answer 15

for the maintence of turgor, so the contents of the cell push against the cell wall and maintain the rigid framework for the cell

Question 16

What is the turgor?

Answer 16

pressure exerted by fluid in a cell that presses the cell membrane against the cell wall -> it makes the plant tissue rigid

Question 17

What is the tonoplast?

Answer 17

the membrane of a vacuole in a plant cell

Question 18

What is selectively permeable?

Answer 18

the tonoplast

Question 19

What does the membrane of the vacuole in the plant cell being selectively permeable suggest?

Answer 19

that some small molecules can pass through it but others cannot

Question 20

If vacuoles appear in animal cells, how would they be like?

Answer 20

small and transient (not permanent)

Question 21

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 21

the organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells

Question 22

Where are chloroplasts found?

Answer 22

in the cells in the green parts of plants such as the leaves and the stems but not in the roots

Question 23

What kind of structure do chloroplasts have?

Answer 23

a double membrane structure, similar to mitochondria

Question 24

What is the stroma?

Answer 24

the fluid enclosed in the chloroplast

Question 25

The stroma have an internal network of membranes, which form flattened sacs called...

Answer 25

thylakoids

Question 26

What are several thylakoids stacked together called?

Answer 26

a granum (or grana)

Question 27

What are the grana joined by?

Answer 27

membranes called lamellae

Question 28

What does the grana contain?

Answer 28

chlorophyll pigements, where light dependent reactions occur during photosynthesis

Question 29

What is starch produced by photosynthesis known as?

Answer 29

starch grains

Question 30

Like mitochondria, what do chloroplasts contain?

Answer 30

DNA and ribosomes

Question 31

Can chloroplasts make their own proteins?

Answer 31

yes

Question 32

What does the internal membranes provide?

Answer 32

the large surface area needed for the enzymes, proteins and pigment molecules necessary in the process of photosynthesis