Eukaryotic cell structure - 2.5 (1) Flashcards
Page 33 & 34
What do plant cells have?
all of the cellular components that are in animal cells
Are there some structures that can only be seen in plant cells, that carry out photosynthesis?
yes
What do plant cells have?
rigid structures
What do plant cell wall’s surround?
the cell-surface membrane
What are plant cell walls made of?
cellulose, a complex carbohydrate
What is freely permeable?
plant cell walls
Why are plant cell walls freely permeable?
so substances can pass into and out of the cell through the cellulose wall
What gives the shape of a plant cell?
the cell wall
What presses against the cell wall making it rigid?
the contents of the cell
By the contents of the cell pressing against the cell wall making it rigid, what does this support?
both the individual cell and the plant as a whole
What does the cell wall act as?
a defense mechanism, protecting the contents of the cell against invading pathogens
What do all plant cells have?
cellulose cell walls
What are vacuoles?
membrane lined sacs in the cytoplasm containing cell sap
What do many plant cells contain?
a large permanent vacuole
Why is the large permanent vacuole for plant cells important?
for the maintence of turgor, so the contents of the cell push against the cell wall and maintain the rigid framework for the cell
What is the turgor?
pressure exerted by fluid in a cell that presses the cell membrane against the cell wall -> it makes the plant tissue rigid
What is the tonoplast?
the membrane of a vacuole in a plant cell
What is selectively permeable?
the tonoplast
What does the membrane of the vacuole in the plant cell being selectively permeable suggest?
that some small molecules can pass through it but others cannot
If vacuoles appear in animal cells, how would they be like?
small and transient (not permanent)
What are chloroplasts?
the organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells
Where are chloroplasts found?
in the cells in the green parts of plants such as the leaves and the stems but not in the roots
What kind of structure do chloroplasts have?
a double membrane structure, similar to mitochondria
What is the stroma?
the fluid enclosed in the chloroplast
The stroma have an internal network of membranes, which form flattened sacs called…
thylakoids
What are several thylakoids stacked together called?
a granum (or grana)
What are the grana joined by?
membranes called lamellae
What does the grana contain?
chlorophyll pigements, where light dependent reactions occur during photosynthesis
What is starch produced by photosynthesis known as?
starch grains
Like mitochondria, what do chloroplasts contain?
DNA and ribosomes
Can chloroplasts make their own proteins?
yes
What does the internal membranes provide?
the large surface area needed for the enzymes, proteins and pigment molecules necessary in the process of photosynthesis
