Eukaryotic cell structure - 2.4 (3) Flashcards

Module 2, Chapter 2, 2.4, Page 28

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1
Q

What does the nucleus contain?

A

coded genetic information in the form of DNA molecules

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2
Q

What does DNA direct?

A

the synthesis of all proteins required by the cell (although it occurs outside of the nucleus at ribosomes)

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3
Q

What does the DNA control through directing the synthesis of proteins?

A

the metabolic activites of the cell

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4
Q

As many of these proteins are the enzymes…

A

necessary for metabolism to take place

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5
Q

What is the nucleus often?

A

the biggest single organelle in the cell

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6
Q

What is DNA contained / packaged within?

A

a double membrane called a nuclear envelope

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the nuclear envelope?

A

to protect the DNA from damage in the cytoplasm

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8
Q

What does the nuclear envelope contain?

A

nuclear pores that allow molecules (substances) to move into and out of the nucleus

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9
Q

What is DNA too large to leave?

A

the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cell cytoplasm

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10
Q

What is DNA instead transcribed into?

A

smaller RNA molecules, which are exported via the nuclear pores

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11
Q

What does DNA associate with?

A

proteins called histones to form a complex called chromatin

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12
Q

What does chromatin do?

A

it coils and condenses to form structures known as chromosomes

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13
Q

When do chromosomes become visible?

A

when cells are preparing to divide

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14
Q

What is the nucleolus?

A

an area within the nucleus

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15
Q

What is the nucleolus responsible for producing?

A

ribosomes

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16
Q

What is the nucleolus composed of?

A

proteins and RNA

17
Q

What is RNA used to produce?

A

ribosomal RNA which is then combined with proteins to form the ribosomes necessary for protein synthesis

18
Q

What is mitochondria?

A

they are essential organelles in almost all eukaryotic cells

19
Q

What is mitochondria the site of the final stages in?

A

cellular respiration, where the energy stored in the bond complex, organic molecules is made available for the cell to use by the production of the molecule ATP

20
Q

What is the number of mitochondria in a cell generally a reflection of?

A

the amount of energy it uses

21
Q

What do very active cells usually have a lot of?

A

mitochondria

22
Q

What has a double membrane?

A

mitochondria

23
Q

The inner membrane is highly folded to form structures called…

A

cristae and the fluid interior is called the matrix

24
Q

What does the membrane forming the cristae contain?

A

the enzymes used in aerobic respiration

25
Q

What does mitochondria contain a small amount of?

A

DNA called mitochondrial (mt)DNA

26
Q

What can mitochondria produce?

A

their own enzymes and reproduce themselves