Eukaryotic cell structure - 2.4 (5) Flashcards

Module 2, Chapter 2, 2.4, Page 29 & 30

1
Q

What are centrioles a component of?

A

the cytoskeleton present in most eukaryotic cells with the exception of flowering plants and most fungi

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2
Q

What are centrioles composed of?

A

microtubules

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3
Q

What do two associated centrioles form?

A

the centrosome

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4
Q

What is the centrosome involved in the assembly and organisation of?

A

the spindle fibres during cell division

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5
Q

In organisms with flagella and cilia, what are centrioles thought to play a role in?

A

the positioning of these structures

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6
Q

What is flagella (whip-like) and cilia (hair-like)?

A

extensions that protrude from some cell types

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7
Q

Flagella are longer than cilia but…

A

cilia are usually present in much greater numbers

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8
Q

Where is flagella used primarily?

A

to enable cells motility

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9
Q

In some cells, what is flagella used as?

A

a sensory organelle detecting chemical changes in the cell’s enviroment

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10
Q

What can cilia either be?

A

mobile or stationary

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11
Q

Where is stationary cilia present?

A

on the surface of many cells

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12
Q

What does stationary cilia have an important function in?

A

sensory organs such as the nose

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13
Q

Mobile cilia beat in a rhythmic manner, creating a…

A

current, and cause fluids or objects adjacent to the cell to move

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14
Q

Mobile cilia are present in the trachea to move mucus away from lungs helping to keep…

A

the air passages clean

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15
Q

Mobile cilia is present in the falopian tubes to move…

A

egg cells from the ovary to the uterus

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16
Q

What does each cilium contain?

A

two central microtubules (black circles)

17
Q

What are the two central microtubules surrounded by?

A

nine pairs of microtubules arranged like a “wheel”

18
Q

What is the nine pairs of microtubules arrangement also known as?

A

the 9+2 arrangement

19
Q

Pairs of parallel microtubules slide over each other causing…

A

the cilia to move in a beating motion

20
Q

What is the key function of a cell?

A

to synthesize proteins for internal use and for secretion (transport out of the cell)

21
Q

To synthesis proteins, what is required?

A

a significant proportion of the internal structure of a cell

22
Q

The ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus are all closely linked and coordinate the…

A

production of proteins and their preparation for different roles within the cell

23
Q

What does the cytoskeleton play a key role in?

A

coordinating protein synthesis

24
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

A

a network of membranes enclosing flattened sacs called cisternae

25
Where is the endoplasmic reticulum connected to?
the outer membrane of the nucleus
26
What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum
27
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum responsible for?
lipid and carbohydrate synthesis, and storage
28
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum responsible for?
it has ribosomes bound to the surface and is responsible for the synthesis and transport of proteins
29
Secretory cells, which release hormones or enzymes, have more rough...
endoplasmic reticulum than cells that do not release proteins