Eukaryotic cell structure - 2.4 (5)

Question 1

What are centrioles a component of?

Answer 1

the cytoskeleton present in most eukaryotic cells with the exception of flowering plants and most fungi

Question 2

What are centrioles composed of?

Answer 2

microtubules

Question 3

What do two associated centrioles form?

Answer 3

the centrosome

Question 4

What is the centrosome involved in the assembly and organisation of?

Answer 4

the spindle fibres during cell division

Question 5

In organisms with flagella and cilia, what are centrioles thought to play a role in?

Answer 5

the positioning of these structures

Question 6

What is flagella (whip-like) and cilia (hair-like)?

Answer 6

extensions that protrude from some cell types

Question 7

Flagella are longer than cilia but…

Answer 7

cilia are usually present in much greater numbers

Question 8

Where is flagella used primarily?

Answer 8

to enable cells motility

Question 9

In some cells, what is flagella used as?

Answer 9

a sensory organelle detecting chemical changes in the cell’s enviroment

Question 10

What can cilia either be?

Answer 10

mobile or stationary

Question 11

Where is stationary cilia present?

Answer 11

on the surface of many cells

Question 12

What does stationary cilia have an important function in?

Answer 12

sensory organs such as the nose

Question 13

Mobile cilia beat in a rhythmic manner, creating a…

Answer 13

current, and cause fluids or objects adjacent to the cell to move

Question 14

Mobile cilia are present in the trachea to move mucus away from lungs helping to keep…

Answer 14

the air passages clean

Question 15

Mobile cilia is present in the falopian tubes to move…

Answer 15

egg cells from the ovary to the uterus

Question 16

What does each cilium contain?

Answer 16

two central microtubules (black circles)

Question 17

What are the two central microtubules surrounded by?

Answer 17

nine pairs of microtubules arranged like a “wheel”

Question 18

What is the nine pairs of microtubules arrangement also known as?

Answer 18

the 9+2 arrangement

Question 19

Pairs of parallel microtubules slide over each other causing…

Answer 19

the cilia to move in a beating motion

Question 20

What is the key function of a cell?

Answer 20

to synthesize proteins for internal use and for secretion (transport out of the cell)

Question 21

To synthesis proteins, what is required?

Answer 21

a significant proportion of the internal structure of a cell

Question 22

The ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus are all closely linked and coordinate the…

Answer 22

production of proteins and their preparation for different roles within the cell

Question 23

What does the cytoskeleton play a key role in?

Answer 23

coordinating protein synthesis

Question 24

What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Answer 24

a network of membranes enclosing flattened sacs called cisternae

Question 25

Where is the endoplasmic reticulum connected to?

Answer 25

the outer membrane of the nucleus

Question 26

What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 26

smooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 27

What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum responsible for?

Answer 27

lipid and carbohydrate synthesis, and storage

Question 28

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum responsible for?

Answer 28

it has ribosomes bound to the surface and is responsible for the synthesis and transport of proteins

Question 29

Secretory cells, which release hormones or enzymes, have more rough…

Answer 29

endoplasmic reticulum than cells that do not release proteins