Ethnic Inequality Flashcards
Brewer (Black Fem)
Triple systems theory
Black women suffer interplay of 3 disadvantages which restrict chances
Eg. Black stereotype of Afro hair being unprofessional along with unimpressive school on application and stereotypes of being child oriented as a women all with together to multiply disadvantage of getting accepted in a job or promoted
Mizra (Black Fem)
Black school girls experienced racism from teachers
Received labelling which stopped from reaching full potential
Black girls viewed as inappropriate and loud whereas boys seen as normal to be loud
Eg. Teachers being overtly racist which makes them uncomfortable in the classroom and feel they can get away with it as they’re girls
Modood (cultural explanations)
Language problems reduce employment chances
Specifically Asian women tend to have poorer qualifications then men in communities due to traditions like Izzat (family honour)
1/2 Pakistani women speak English
Eg. Certain jobs have requirements of speaking English like customer service
Eg. Women may be discouraged from pursuing career as it’s expected to put the home first for family’s honour
Patterson (Functionalism)
Ethnic inequality is not due to fault of the system
Host-immigrant model
1. Host fear of social change
2. Resentment about competing for jobs
3. Failure of ethnic minorities to assimilate (take on British values)
Shown in Introduction of 45 min citizenship test and Hebdidge Rastafarian
Eg. Ethnic minorities living in segregated communities and not learning the language leads to British pop discriminating against them
Leads to overt racism and resentment for competing for jobs coming forward
Cox (Marxist)
Capitalism and Colonialism come hand in hand to create racism
European nations conquered areas of the globe and exploited a workforce which then led to belief Europeans were superior
Eg. May discriminate against an ethnic minority because they invaded their land which leads to prejudice of them being weaker
Castles and Kosack (Marxism)
Ethnic minorities used as reserve army of labour because discrimination meant it was harder for them to find jobs
Racial inequality encouraged by capitalist class for 3 reasons:
- legitimise (justify low pay)
- divide and rule (black and white workers in conflict reduce chances of revolution)
- scapegoat (ethnic minorities can be blamed for unemployment)
Lawrence (Neo-Marxist)
A new racism has emerged 3 reasons
1. Ruling class reinforced ideology of the ‘British people’ ‘British culture’ (Gov Policy)
2. High unemployment was blamed on immigrants (economic)
3. Immigrant cultures seen as a threat to British society which was suffering from high crime rates
Eg. Prejudice against black culture as they blame immigrants for gang culture which led to increase in crime
Weber (Weberian)
Status: status may be in power of majority ethnic group and social closure makes it hard for them to gain status and compete equally for jobs
Eg. White manual workers seen as superior to black so this divides working class group and discriminates against black people
Causes inequality as black people are excluded due to social closure
Excluded politically: 10% MPs in HoC BAME background
Parkin (Weberian)
Negatively privileged status groups- in good area of work but stopped from progressing
Ethnic majority use social closure to keep ethnic minorities out of authority and status
Eg. Ethnic minority in lower status of good workplace won’t get promoted as quickly as a white coworker
Keeps them in lower class as they discriminate and perceive as lower status
Vetorec (Postmodern)
Super diversity- vast range of cultural values displayed by new immigrants and ethnic minority groups
Mixed heritage backgrounds rising so different levels/types of disadvantage
Ethnic minorities ambiguous and hard to define - Generation EA (ethnic ambiguity)
Eg. Keanu Reaves (Hawaiian, Chinese, English, Irish)
Too diverse to discuss racism in simple terms
Sewell (New Right)
Black Caribbean boys are disadvantaged due to lack of male role models as they don’t have a father figure and look for this in the media
Rapper role models emphasis get rich quick attitude, sexualisation of women
Eg. 57% black Caribbean families headed by single parent, 25% white families. Role models like 50 cent can make them susceptible to gang culture
Without nuclear families, ethnic minorities are disadvantaged
Solomos et al (Neo-Marx)
Ethnic inequality due to economic factors, Gov policies & white working class Eg. Racist attitudes in white working class as they view immigrants as more threatening for job security
Burdsey (Postmodern)
Asian footballers code-switching between culture at home and at work
Eg. Drink, swear and sexualise with British laddish culture, go home and respect religion of home country
Racism may be irrelevant as they take on norms and values of UK they can avoid racism
