Age & Disabled Identity

Question 1

Parsons- youth- family

Answer 1

Family primary socialisation
Prepare to be independent and function in society
Transfer norms and values
Eg. Chores
Link: influences identity as changes how well they function in society and what morals define them as a person

Question 2

Heintz-Knowles- Youth- Media

Answer 2

Majority of characters in entertainment engage in anti social activities with positive outcomes
Girls show physical affection
Boys more likely to show aggression
Creates socially constructed stereotypical ideas
Creates a moral panic
React to it live up to the label (self fulfilling prophecy)
Link: influences identity as they portray behaviours that are expected of them at an impressionable age

Question 3

Sewell- youth- peers/education

Answer 3

Antisocial subculture on hyper masculinity
Reward highest status to people who objectify women, are violent or wear designer clothes
Anti school subculture
Peer pressure to reject authority
Get rich quick attitude and believe police are racist anyway so use illegal methods
Eg. Wear designer clothes and sell drugs
Link: influences identity as youth shape identity around role models, they can easily be roped into bad behaviour or becoming criminals

Question 4

Brannen- middle aged- family

Answer 4

Responsibility and expectation
Dual burden
Looking after kids and parents
Pivot generation (switching between care)
Eg. Financial burden of care home and food prices
Link: influences identity as they define identity strongly on roles of responsibility and expectation at this stage in life

Question 5

Saunders- middle aged- media

Answer 5

Media targets them as consumers as they have highest disposable income
Define identity by what they own
Conspicuous consumption
Influenced by advertisement
Eg. Sports cars
Link: influences identity as they build identity based on what they consume and excessive spending

Question 6

Hoskinson- middle aged- peers

Answer 6

Associate with people who share norms and values
Sense of belonging to subcultures
Goths feel so intertwined into subculture
Hard to leave friendships
Toned down looks to maintain job
Link: effects identity as identify as part of a small community which share same values

Question 7

Willis- middle aged- work place

Answer 7

Introduce yourself as your occupation
Manual workers see this as key identity and passes on in family
Link: influences identity as they see it important part of who they are to be a blue collar worker

Question 8

Parsons- old- family

Answer 8

Disengagement theory
Lose important social role in family
Their children spend time with partners and children
‘Harvest the fruits of their labour’
Younger people take on their roles
Eg. Go abroad instead of staying close to grandchildren
Link: influences identity as they aren’t defined as strongly by family as they have their own time to focus on themselves

Question 9

Landis- old- media

Answer 9

One dimensional stereotypes
Grumpy old man 
Feisty old woman 
Lonely 
Mentally deficient
Sickly 
Eg. Madagascar old woman 
Link: influences identity negatively as they are assumed to be grumpy 
Wisdom

Question 10

Clarke&Warren- old- peers/postmodern

Answer 10

Active ageing
Fighting the stereotype
Want to embark on furthering new interests
Learning for enjoyment and self development
Redefining identity
Eg. Walking groups
Link: redefining identity in a positive way to fight stereotypes together

Question 11

Johnson- old- workplace

Answer 11

Institutionally ageist
Excludes due to stereotypical assumptions - incompetent
Eg. Won’t hire at computer company as they assume their mental sharpness deteriorating
Link: identity influenced by lack of ability to take on employee roles

Question 12

Voas- old- religion

Answer 12

Generational effect- they were brought up in a religious era
Ageing effect- more spiritual as get closer to death
Religion used to be prioritised
Find comfort in religion
Link: influences identity as they partake in religious activities and may define themselves as ‘Muslim’ or ‘Christian’

Question 13

Featherstone&Hepworth- new age identities

Answer 13

Dedifferentiation- differences in stages of life become less clear (blurring/merging)
- eg. Children wearing makeup, adults getting Botox, flexible fashion
Deinstitutionalisation- institutions less closely associated with maintaining stages of life course
- eg. Media (cosmetic audience could be anyone), education (adult students), family (later births)
Link: age does not influence identity because public can’t even tell how old you are anymore/ activities becoming less age restricted so no one is restricted by their age

Question 14

Shakespeare- disabled- media/peers

Answer 14

Lack of positive role models in public life and media
Society reacts with pity, avoidance and awkwardness
Leads to victim mentality
Isolated from each other so forming collective identity is difficult
Link: disability influences identity as they struggle to identify with others as they are excluded to those they share characteristics with

Question 15

Barkes- disabled- media

Answer 15

Representation in media
- pity/charity (adverts, comic relief)
- victims (joker & five feet apart)
- villains (Captain hook, joker)
- burden (comedy tv, documentaries about benefits)
- sexually abnormal (undateables)
Link: disability influences identity as they feel they are always given abnormal roles and never viewed as normal in media

Question 16

Murugami- disabled- family

Answer 16

Can construct self identity
Accepts impairment and sees them as independent of it
Disability as one characteristic
Reconstruct normal
Very few people are completely able bodied throughout their whole life
Link: disability influences identity because it teaches them to accept themselves and have a confidence in their identity and see themselves as normal

Question 17

Postmodern view- de-differentiation

Answer 17

The process by which the differences between different stages of the life course become less clear (age categories blurring/merging)
Eg. Adults getting Botox, children wearing makeup

Question 18

Postmodern view- deinstitutionalisation

Answer 18

The process by which the institutions of society become less closely associated with maintaining different phases of the life course
Eg. Family (later births), media (promoting makeup and cosmetics younger)

Question 19

Dual burden (middle age identity)

Answer 19

Suffering the responsibility of care for both your parents and your children
Eg. Children of grandparents

Question 20

Pivot generation (middle aged identity)

Answer 20

Process of constant switching between dual burden of taking care of children and parents

Question 21

Active ageing (old age identities)

Answer 21

Inclusion into activities like making new friends, indulging into new interests and embarking further learning. This period of life provides new opportunities and can be seen as an active and engaged stage of life

Question 22

Biological determinism of age

Answer 22

The chronological measure of duration of a person’s existence

Question 23

Rites of passage

Answer 23

Ceremony or ritual that accompanies the changes of status that occur in a life cycle

Question 24

Age boundaries

Answer 24

Age set which you are allowed to do something

Question 25

Moral panic (youth)

Answer 25

Wide spread dear among society often caused by exaggeration in media

Question 26

Anti-school subculture (youth)

Answer 26

Group of students who rebel against norms of schools and defy authority

Question 27

Mid life crisis (middle age)

Answer 27

Adults coming to a realisation during a period of their life

Question 28

Conspicuous consumption (old age)

Answer 28

Individuals who buy products with disposable income to show off, not for necessity

Question 29

Ageism (old age)

Answer 29

Often in the workplace, expressed through stereotypical assumptions of one’s competency in relation to their age

Question 30

Disability

Answer 30

Mental or physical impairment which has a substantial or long term affect

Question 31

Disability discrimination act 2005

Answer 31

An act which attempted to end discrimination in institutions such as the work place, education etc

Question 32

Victim mentality

Answer 32

Self fulfilling prophecy can lead to disabled people viewing themselves as victims and using this as a reason for failure

Question 33

The social model

Answer 33

Model that outlines the social and physical barriers which prevent inclusion for disabled people and deny access for them
Eg. Designs of a building

Question 34

Master status

Answer 34

The most important characteristic that defines an individual

Question 35

Willis- youth- education

Answer 35

Anti school subculture

Question 36

Blaikie- old- postmodern

Answer 36

Grey £
Become the most important consumer group
Now portrayed positively in advertisement
Eg. Cruises
Link: age does not influence identity because they aren’t excluded as a consumer group due to age