Ethnic And National Identity Flashcards
Cashmore & Troyna- migration- peers
African Caribbean, Indian and Pakistani families in 1950s&60s experienced open hostility and discrimination in workplace, housing etc leading them to
*turn inwards
Create their own communities and did not integrate with others
Set up places of worship
Strengthening and asserting their own ethnic identities
Hebdidge- immigration- peers
Asserting cultural identity
Young Jamaican immigrants adopted Rastafarian religion and changed it to a subculture:
Dreadlocks
Smoked cannabis
Wore red, green and gold
Unique to them and group to identify with
Use this to resist racism
Anwar- traditional ethnic identity- family
Conflict of mixing with western culture
Clothing, arranged marriage and freedom were issues with parents
Culture clash as traditional values for parents were honour, reputation
Girls given less freedom
2,800 honour crimes a year in UK
Archer and Francis- traditional gender identity- education
Success of British- Chinese students
Educational success is part of identity
Chinese parents take a stronger role in developing academically
Continually talk about future education
Invest time and money even with little money to spare
Push their children
Critical of British parents allowing failure to develop
‘Tiger mums’
Coard- ethnic minority- education
Institutionally racist schools Curriculum based around dominant culture POV White history and literature Leads to: Culture devalued Feel excluded Low self esteem Lack of role models Feel less important Lack of identity Eg. War from British POV and mainly white authors
Gillborn- black males- education
Label of being a threat and disruptive
Self fulfilling prophecy
Negative stereotypes leads to being places in lower sets
Sewell- Afro-Caribbean- media
Black masculine identity
57% of Afro Caribbean families headed by single parent compared to 25% white families
(Majority mother headed)
Lack of male role model means they search within media and their peers
Idolise rappers who promote violence, getting money quick and objectifying women
Eg. 50 cent ‘get money’
Leads to hyper masculine culture which black bits imitate
Sewell- Afro Caribbean- peers
Reinforce hyper masculinity through peer group
Status given to those who show rapper characteristics
Seek comfort with those with same background
‘Cultural comfort zone’
Reward rejecting education
Peer culture emphasised rejection of authority figures and academic achievement
Les Back- post modernist- ethnic identity
Ethnicity less prominent in identity
Uk more multicultural
Black, white and Asian shared culture (fashion, music, slang)
New ‘hybrid identities’ youth sharing same culture
Trying out new cultural masks
Cultural borrowing- white and assign youths listening to rap and reggae
Burdsey- new ethnic identity- family/work place/ peers
British Asian footballers
Western laddish culture of footballers clash with ethnic culture
Code switched from family to workplace
Workplace talked about porn, drinking, gambling
Schuden- national identity
British people socialised into common culture
Education, curriculum, rituals are shared
- Remembrance Sunday
- olympics
- jubilee
Media, same national newspapers
