ETHERS AND THIOLS

Question 1

Class of organic compounds characterized by an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl (straight chain) or aryl (cyclic) groups.

Answer 1

Ethers

Question 2

Ethers are similar in structure to _______ and both ethers and ________ are similar in structure to water.

Answer 2

alcohols

Question 3

In an alcohol, 1 hydrogen atom of a water molecule is replaced by an alkyl group whereas in an ether both hydrogen atoms are replaced by ?

Answer 3

alkyl and aryl groups

Question 4

If the alkyl substituents are identical, the ether is a ___________ ether.

Answer 4

symmetrical ether

Question 5

If the substituents are different, the ether is an ____________ ether

Answer 5

unsymmetrical

Question 6

If a carbon is connected to 2 carbons.

Answer 6

“Sec” is used

Question 7

Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally ____ dense, are ____ soluble in water and have _____ boiling points.

Answer 7

less, lower

Question 8

Ethers are relatively ________ and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oil, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums and hydrocarbons.

Answer 8

unreactive

Question 9

________ of certain ethers are used as insecticides. Miticides and fumigants for soil.

Answer 9

Vapors

Question 10

Fixed oils contain relatively high quantities of liquid glycerides (____________).

Answer 10

glyceryl oleate

Question 11

Fats contain large amounts of solid glycerides (____________).

Answer 11

glyceryl stearate

Question 12

These are esters of high molecular weight monohydric alcohols and high molecular weight fatty acids.

Answer 12

Waxes

Question 13

These are natural or induced solid or semi-solid exudates from plants characterized by being insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether, crystallizable and softening or melting at a moderate heat.

Answer 13

Resins

Question 14

A viscous secretionof some trees and shrubs that hardens on drying but is soluble in water, and from which adhesives and other products are made.

Answer 14

Gum

Question 15

These are pesticides that are formulated to kill, harm, repel or mitigate one or more species of insect.

Answer 15

Insecticides

Question 16

Miticide, also called __________,any chemical substance used to control mites or ticks

Answer 16

Acaricide

Question 17

These arepesticides that, when applied to soil, form a gas to control pests that live in the soil and can disrupt plant growth and crop production.

Answer 17

Soil fumigants

Question 18

Alcohols undergo ______________ into ethers.

Answer 18

bimolecular dehydration

Question 19

In the presence of acid, two molecules of an _______ may lose water to form an ether.

Answer 19

Alcohol

Question 20

Dehydration is used commercially to produce ?

Answer 20

Diethyl ether

Question 21

Most ethers can be cleaved, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give ____________ or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give __________.

Answer 21

alkyl bromides

alkyl iodides

Question 22

Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very _________.

Answer 22

Not very reactive

Question 23

The spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides.

Answer 23

Autoxidation

Question 24

Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form ___________ and ________________.

Answer 24

hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides

Question 25

First used as a surgical anesthetic in 1842.

Answer 25

Ethyl ether/Diethyl ether/ ETHER

Question 26

A halogenated inhalational anesthetic initially approved by the FDA in 1972. Since this date, it has been withdrawn from the US market

Answer 26

Enflurane

Question 27

A lipid-lowering agent used for controlling the high cholesterol and triacylglyceride level in the blood. It belongs to the class of fibrates.

Answer 27

Clofibrate

Question 28

It is used to treat coughs and congestion caused by the common cold, bronchitis, and other breathing illnesses.

Answer 28

Guaifenesin

Question 29

A medication used as an expectorant, intended to help cough out phlegm from the airways.

Answer 29

Guaifenesin

Question 30

Brand name of Guaifenesin

Answer 30

Robitussin®

Question 31

3 Main Types of Cough Medication

Answer 31

1. Expectorant (Guaifenesin) 2. Cough Suppressant (Dextromethorphan HBr) 3. Mucolytics

Question 32

Cough suppressant - group of cough medications which work by stopping the urge to cough and reducing the times you cough.

Answer 32

Guaifenesin + Dextromethorphan HBr

Question 33

Group of cough medications which work by stopping the urge to cough and reducing the times you cough.

Answer 33

Cough suppressants

Question 34

Cough out phlehm from the airways

Answer 34

Expectorant

Question 35

Stopping the urge to cough and reducing the times you cough

Answer 35

Cough suppressant

Question 36

Medications that providers use to treat chronic lung and breathing conditions. They break up mucus in your lungs and make it easier to cough out.  -acetylcysteine, bromhexine, ambroxol and carbocisteine

Answer 36

Mucolytics

Question 37

Examples of mucolytics

Answer 37

Acetylcysteine Bromhexine Ambroxol Carbocisteine

Question 38

A potent pain-relieving drug, is the methyl ether of morphine. Because ether is highly flammable, it has largely been replaced by less-flammable anesthetics, including nitrous oxide (N2O) and halothane.

Answer 38

Codeine

Question 39

Methyl ether of morphine

Answer 39

Codeine

Question 40

It is a gasoline additive that boosts the octane number and reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust.

Answer 40

Methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE)

Question 41

At most retail gasoline stations, three octane grades are offered, 87 (regular), 89 (mid-grade), and 91-93 (premium). At most retail gasoline stations, three octane grades are offered, 87 (regular), 89 (mid-grade), and 91-93 (premium). The higher the octane number, the more resistant the gasoline mixture is to knock.

Question 42

A standard measure of a fuel's ability to withstand compression in an internal combustion engine without detonating.

Answer 42

octane rating / octane number

Question 43

Are sulfur analogs of alcohols.

Answer 43

Thiols

Question 44

Thiols are referred to as _________.

Answer 44

mercaptans

Question 45

Thiols used to be called MERCAPTANS because they form strong complexes with heavy metal cations such as ____________ (they capture mercury).

Answer 45

mercury and arsenic

Question 46

Odorous principles in the scent of SKUNKS and of freshly chopped onions.

Answer 46

Thiols

Question 47

Their presence in petroleum and natural gas is objectionable because they have DISAGREEABLE ODOURS, interfere with catalysts used in refining processes, and produce sulfur dioxide upon combustion.

Answer 47

Thiols

Question 48

Thiol any of a class of organic chemical compounds similar to the alcohols and phenols but containing a _______ atom in place of the oxygen atom.

Answer 48

sulfur atom

Question 49

A number of thiols are found in nature.

Answer 49

Cysteine and Glutathione

Question 50

Thiols are named by adding the suffix "______" to the name of the parent hydrocarbon.

Answer 50

thiol

Question 51

If there is a second functional group in the molecule, the SH group can be indicated by its substituent name, "________." Like other substituent names, it is cited before the name of the parent hydrocarbon.

Answer 51

mercapto

Question 52

These are analogues of ethers.

Answer 52

Thioethers OR Sulfides

Question 53

Thioethers have the general formula '_______' where R and R' are alkyl groups. Where the alkyl groups may be same or different.

Answer 53

R-S-R

Question 54

The functional group in thioethers is ?

Answer 54

-S

Question 55

Thioethers could be considered as derived from ____________.

Answer 55

hydrogen sulfides

Question 56

Physical Properties of Thioethers

Answer 56

- unpleasant smell - colorless oily liquids - insoluble in H2O - soluble in ethers & alcohols - higher BP than to those of corresponding ethers

Question 57

Used to prevent and treat symptoms of heartburn associated with acid indigestion and sour stomach.

Answer 57

Cimetidine Tagamet (TM)

Question 58

Cimetidine is in a class of medications called _________. It decreases the amount of acid made in the stomach.

Answer 58

H2 blockers

Question 59

Is used to treat ulcers; gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Answer 59

Cimetidine

Question 60

GERD meaning

Answer 60

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Question 61

A condition in which backward flow of acid from the stomach causes heartburn and injury of the food pipe (esophagus); and conditions where the stomach produces too much acid, such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Answer 61

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 62

A rare digestive disorder that results in too much gastric acid. This excess gastric acid can cause peptic ulcers in your stomach and intestine.

Answer 62

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome