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PORG > ETHERS AND THIOLS > Flashcards

ETHERS AND THIOLS Flashcards

1
Q

Class of organic compounds characterized by an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl (straight chain) or aryl (cyclic) groups.

A

Ethers

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2
Q

Ethers are similar in structure to _______ and both ethers and ________ are similar in structure to water.

A

alcohols

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3
Q

In an alcohol, 1 hydrogen atom of a water molecule is replaced by an alkyl group whereas in an ether both hydrogen atoms are replaced by ?

A

alkyl and aryl groups

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4
Q

If the alkyl substituents are identical, the ether is a ___________ ether.

A

symmetrical ether

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5
Q

If the substituents are different, the ether is an ____________ ether

A

unsymmetrical

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6
Q

If a carbon is connected to 2 carbons.

A

“Sec” is used

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7
Q

Relative to alcohols, ethers are generally ____ dense, are ____ soluble in water and have _____ boiling points.

A

less, lower

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8
Q

Ethers are relatively ________ and as a result they are useful as solvents for fats, oil, waxes, perfumes, resins, dyes, gums and hydrocarbons.

A

unreactive

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9
Q

________ of certain ethers are used as insecticides. Miticides and fumigants for soil.

A

Vapors

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10
Q

Fixed oils contain relatively high quantities of liquid glycerides (____________).

A

glyceryl oleate

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11
Q

Fats contain large amounts of solid glycerides (____________).

A

glyceryl stearate

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12
Q

These are esters of high molecular weight monohydric alcohols and high molecular weight fatty acids.

A

Waxes

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13
Q

These are natural or induced solid or semi-solid exudates from plants characterized by being insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether, crystallizable and softening or melting at a moderate heat.

A

Resins

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14
Q

A viscous secretionof some trees and shrubs that hardens on drying but is soluble in water, and from which adhesives and other products are made.

A

Gum

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15
Q

These are pesticides that are formulated to kill, harm, repel or mitigate one or more species of insect.

A

Insecticides

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16
Q

Miticide, also called __________,any chemical substance used to control mites or ticks

A

Acaricide

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17
Q

These arepesticides that, when applied to soil, form a gas to control pests that live in the soil and can disrupt plant growth and crop production.

A

Soil fumigants

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18
Q

Alcohols undergo ______________ into ethers.

A

bimolecular dehydration

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19
Q

In the presence of acid, two molecules of an _______ may lose water to form an ether.

A

Alcohol

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20
Q

Dehydration is used commercially to produce ?

A

Diethyl ether

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21
Q

Most ethers can be cleaved, by hydrobromic acid (HBr) to give ____________ or by hydroiodic acid (HI) to give __________.

A

alkyl bromides

alkyl iodides

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22
Q

Ethers are good solvents partly because they are not very _________.

A

Not very reactive

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23
Q

The spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides.

A

Autoxidation

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24
Q

Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly autoxidize to form ___________ and ________________.

A

hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides

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25
Q

First used as a surgical anesthetic in 1842.

A

Ethyl ether/Diethyl ether/ ETHER

26
Q

A halogenated inhalational anesthetic initially approved by the FDA in 1972. Since this date, it has been withdrawn from the US market

A

Enflurane

27
Q

A lipid-lowering agent used for controlling the high cholesterol and triacylglyceride level in the blood. It belongs to the class of fibrates.

A

Clofibrate

28
Q

It is used to treat coughs and congestion caused by the common cold, bronchitis, and other breathing illnesses.

A

Guaifenesin

29
Q

A medication used as an expectorant, intended to help cough out phlegm from the airways.

A

Guaifenesin

30
Q

Brand name of Guaifenesin

A

Robitussin®

31
Q

3 Main Types of Cough Medication

A
  1. Expectorant (Guaifenesin)
  2. Cough Suppressant (Dextromethorphan HBr)
  3. Mucolytics
32
Q

Cough suppressant - group of cough medications which work by stopping the urge to cough and reducing the times you cough.

A

Guaifenesin + Dextromethorphan HBr

33
Q

Group of cough medications which work by stopping the urge to cough and reducing the times you cough.

A

Cough suppressants

34
Q

Cough out phlehm from the airways

A

Expectorant

35
Q

Stopping the urge to cough and reducing the times you cough

A

Cough suppressant

36
Q

Medications that providers use to treat chronic lung and breathing conditions. They break up mucus in your lungs and make it easier to cough out.
-acetylcysteine, bromhexine, ambroxol and carbocisteine

A

Mucolytics

37
Q

Examples of mucolytics

A

Acetylcysteine
Bromhexine
Ambroxol
Carbocisteine

38
Q

Apotentpain-relieving drug, is the methyl ether ofmorphine. Because ether is highly flammable, it has largely been replaced by less-flammable anesthetics, includingnitrous oxide(N2O) andhalothane.

A

Codeine

39
Q

Methyl ether of morphine

A

Codeine

40
Q

It is a gasoline additive that boosts theoctane numberand reduces the amount of nitrogen-oxide pollutants in the exhaust.

A

Methylt-butyl ether (MTBE)

41
Q

At most retail gasoline stations, three octane grades are offered,87 (regular), 89 (mid-grade), and 91-93 (premium). At most retail gasoline stations, three octane grades are offered,87 (regular), 89 (mid-grade), and 91-93 (premium). The higher the octane number, the more resistant the gasoline mixture is to knock.

A
42
Q

A standard measure of a fuel’s ability to withstand compression in an internal combustion engine without detonating.

A

octane rating / octane number

43
Q

Are sulfur analogs of alcohols.

A

Thiols

44
Q

Thiols are referred to as _________.

A

mercaptans

45
Q

Thiols used to be called MERCAPTANS because they form strong complexes with heavy metal cations such as ____________ (they capture mercury).

A

mercury and arsenic

46
Q

Odorous principles in the scent of SKUNKS and of freshly chopped onions.

A

Thiols

47
Q

Their presence in petroleum andnatural gasis objectionable because they have DISAGREEABLE ODOURS, interfere withcatalystsused in refining processes, and producesulfur dioxideupon combustion.

A

Thiols

48
Q

Thiol any of a class of organic chemicalcompoundssimilar to the alcohols and phenols but containing a_______atom in place of the oxygen atom.

A

sulfuratom

49
Q

A number of thiols are found in nature.

A

Cysteine and Glutathione

50
Q

Thiols are named by adding the suffix “______” to the name of the parent hydrocarbon.

A

thiol

51
Q

If there is a second functional group in the molecule, the SH group can be indicated by its substituent name, “________.”

Like other substituent names, it is cited before the name of the parent hydrocarbon.

A

mercapto

52
Q

These are analogues of ethers.

A

Thioethers OR Sulfides

53
Q

Thioethers have the general formula ‘_______’ where R and R’ are alkyl groups. Where the alkyl groups may be same or different.

A

R-S-R

54
Q

The functional group in thioethers is ?

A

-S

55
Q

Thioethers could be considered as derived from ____________.

A

hydrogen sulfides

56
Q

Physical Properties of Thioethers

A
  • unpleasant smell
  • colorless oily liquids
  • insoluble in H2O
  • soluble in ethers & alcohols
  • higher BP than to those of corresponding ethers
57
Q

Used to prevent and treat symptoms of heartburn associated with acid indigestion and sour stomach.

A

Cimetidine Tagamet (TM)

58
Q

Cimetidine is in a class of medications called_________. It decreases the amount of acid made in the stomach.

A

H2blockers

59
Q

Is used to treat ulcers; gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

A

Cimetidine

60
Q

GERD meaning

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

61
Q

A condition in which backward flow of acid from the stomach causes heartburn and injury of the food pipe (esophagus); and conditions where the stomach produces too much acid, such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

62
Q

A rare digestive disorder that results in too much gastric acid. This excess gastric acid can cause peptic ulcers in your stomach and intestine.

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

PORG (16 decks)

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