CARBOXYLIC ACIDS Flashcards
Aside from RCOOH, Carboxylic Acid can also be represented as?
RCO₂H
formula of carboxyl group
COOH
Simplest carboxylic
Formic acid
Diluted form of acetic acid
Vinegar
4-6% acetic acid in water
Vinegar
IUPAC name of caprocic acid
hexanoic acid
IUPAC name of caprylic acid
octanoic acid
IUPAC name of capric acid
decanoic acid
IUPAC name of valeric acid
pentanoic acid
Leather tanning
Formic acid
Used to remove dust
Oxalic acid
These inreases the acidic content of the solution so as to prevent MnO4 (purple) to reduced to MnO2 (dark brown).
Oxalic acid + Sulfuric acid
A protein naturally found in some grains including wheat and barley.
Gluten
Coeliac disease
Condition where your immune system attacks your own tissues.
Eating gluten causes damage to the lining of _____?
Small intestine
A molecule or molecular complex consisting of TWO identical molecules linked together.
Dimer
They are (polar/nonpolar) and they form hydrogen bonds with themselves or with other molecules.
Polar
They form dimer, with the individual units held together by two hydrogen bonds between the electron-rich oxygens and the electron-poor hydrogens.
Carboxylic acid
Carboxylic acids have (high/low) boiling points for their molecular weights - higher even those of comparable alcohols.
High boiling points
These are used to suppress signs and symptoms of inflammation including pain.
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
These are used to suppress signs and symptoms of inflammation including pain.
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
All are weak organic acids except _________.
Nabumetone
Acetyl Salicylic Acid, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Mefenamic Acid, Tolmetin, Nabumetone
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Acetyl Salicylic Acid, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Mefenamic Acid, Tolmetin, Nabumetone inhibits?
COX (cyclooxygenase)
(NSAIDs) like ibuprofen and indomethacin work byinhibiting an enzyme that produces _______?
Prostaglandins
3 compounds of COX
Prostaglandin
Prostacyclin
Thromboxane
5 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation
Rubor (redness)
Tumor (swelling)
Calor (heat)
Dolor (pain)
Functio laesa (loss of function)
Formation of fibrous tissue-wound healing.
fibroplasia
A change of cells to form that does not normally occur in the tissue in which it is found.
metaplasia
The main mechanism of action of NSAIDs is the inhibition of the enzyme _________?
cyclooxygenase (COX)
Cyclooxygenase is required to convert ______________ into thromboxanes, prostaglandins, and prostacyclins. The therapeutic effects of NSAIDs are attributed to the lack of these eicosanoids.
arachidonic acid
Inhibits platelet aggregation and isusedin the prevention of blood clots.
Aspirin
Primary established effect of aspirin on hemostasis is to impair platelet aggregation via inhibition of platelet thromboxane A2synthesis, thus reducing thrombus formation on the surface of the damaged arterial wall.
Antithrombotic
Thisis used to relieve pain, swelling (inflammation), and joint stiffness caused by arthritis (joint inflammation).
Diclofenac
Thisis used to relieve pain from various conditions such as headache, dental pain, menstrual cramps, muscle aches, or arthritis.
Ibuprofen
Thisis used to treat mild to moderate pain and dysmenorrhea (menstrual cramps).
Mefenamic acid
Thisis a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) that is available by prescription only and used for therapy of chronic arthritis.
Tolmetin
Thisis used to reduce pain, swelling, and joint stiffness from arthritis.
4-(6-methoxy-2-napthyl)-2-butanone
Nabumetone
Valproic acid isused to treat what certain type of seizures (epilepsy)?
Petit mal seizure
This medicine is an anticonvulsant that works in the brain tissue to stop seizures.
- absence/ petit mal seizure
Valproic acid
EDTA meaning
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
This white, water-soluble solid is widely used to bind to iron and calcium ions.
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
Chelation therapyusing EDTA is the medically-accepted treatment for _____ poisoning.
lead
Injected intravenously and once in the bloodstream, EDTA traps lead and other metals, forming a compound that the body can eliminate in the ______.
Urine
Acid Halides formula
RCOX
Acyl chlorides formula
RCOCl
More common and less expensive than bromides or iodides.
Acyl chlorides
More common and less expensive than bromides or iodides.
Acyl chlorides
Chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with H2O.
Hydrolysis
IUPAC recognizes eight exceptions for
which a -yl rather than an -oyl ending is used:
formic (formyl), acetic (acetyl),
propionic (propionyl), butyric (butyryl), oxalic (oxalyl), malonic (malonyl),
succinic (succinyl), and glutaric (glutaryl)
Compounds in which the hydroxyl part of the carboxyl group is replaced by various other groups. All acid derivatives can be hydrolyzed to the corresponding carboxylic acid.
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Primary amide has how many carbon and hydrogen?
1 Carbon, 2 Hydrogen
Secondary amide has how many carbon and hydrogen?
2 Carbon, 1 Hydrogen
Tertiary amide has how many carbon and hydrogen?
3 Carbon, No Hydrogen
What is the most reactive derivative?
Acyl halide
What is the least reactive derivative?
Amide
Esters are derived from acids by replacing the OH group by an -OR group and have the general formula _______.
RCOOR
1 carbon attached to 3 carbons
Tertiary (tert)
1 carbon attached to other 2 carbons
Secondary (sec)
Ester hydrolysis in basic solution is called?
Saponification
Saponification, after the Latin
word ______, meaning “soap.”
sapo
Soap is in fact made by boiling _______ with aqueous base to hydrolyze the ester linkages.
animal fat
__________ Esters react with ammonia and amines to yield amides. The reaction is not often used, however, because it’s usually easier to prepare an amide by starting with an acid chloride
Aminolysis
What is the most commonly used laboratory method for preparing amides?
Reaction of acid chlorides with amines
