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PORG > CARBOXYLIC ACIDS > Flashcards

CARBOXYLIC ACIDS Flashcards

1
Q

Aside from RCOOH, Carboxylic Acid can also be represented as?

A

RCO₂H

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2
Q

formula of carboxyl group

A

COOH

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3
Q

Simplest carboxylic

A

Formic acid

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4
Q

Diluted form of acetic acid

A

Vinegar

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5
Q

4-6% acetic acid in water

A

Vinegar

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6
Q

IUPAC name of caprocic acid

A

hexanoic acid

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7
Q

IUPAC name of caprylic acid

A

octanoic acid

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8
Q

IUPAC name of capric acid

A

decanoic acid

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9
Q

IUPAC name of valeric acid

A

pentanoic acid

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10
Q

Leather tanning

A

Formic acid

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11
Q

Used to remove dust

A

Oxalic acid

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12
Q

These inreases the acidic content of the solution so as to prevent MnO4 (purple) to reduced to MnO2 (dark brown).

A

Oxalic acid + Sulfuric acid

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13
Q

A protein naturally found in some grains including wheat and barley.

A

Gluten

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14
Q

Coeliac disease

A

Condition where your immune system attacks your own tissues.

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15
Q

Eating gluten causes damage to the lining of _____?

A

Small intestine

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16
Q

A molecule or molecular complex consisting of TWO identical molecules linked together.

A

Dimer

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17
Q

They are (polar/nonpolar) and they form hydrogen bonds with themselves or with other molecules.

A

Polar

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18
Q

They form dimer, with the individual units held together by two hydrogen bonds between the electron-rich oxygens and the electron-poor hydrogens.

A

Carboxylic acid

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19
Q

Carboxylic acids have (high/low) boiling points for their molecular weights - higher even those of comparable alcohols.

A

High boiling points

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20
Q

These are used to suppress signs and symptoms of inflammation including pain.

A

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

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21
Q

These are used to suppress signs and symptoms of inflammation including pain.

A

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

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22
Q

All are weak organic acids except _________.

A

Nabumetone

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23
Q

Acetyl Salicylic Acid, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Mefenamic Acid, Tolmetin, Nabumetone

A

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

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24
Q

Acetyl Salicylic Acid, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, Mefenamic Acid, Tolmetin, Nabumetone inhibits?

A

COX (cyclooxygenase)

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25
Q

(NSAIDs) like ibuprofen and indomethacin work byinhibiting an enzyme that produces _______?

A

Prostaglandins

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26
Q

3 compounds of COX

A

Prostaglandin
Prostacyclin
Thromboxane

27
Q

5 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation

A

Rubor (redness)
Tumor (swelling)
Calor (heat)
Dolor (pain)
Functio laesa (loss of function)

28
Q

Formation of fibrous tissue-wound healing.

A

fibroplasia

29
Q

A change of cells to form that does not normally occur in the tissue in which it is found.

A

metaplasia

30
Q

The main mechanism of action of NSAIDs is the inhibition of the enzyme _________?

A

cyclooxygenase (COX)

31
Q

Cyclooxygenase is required to convert ______________ into thromboxanes, prostaglandins, and prostacyclins. The therapeutic effects of NSAIDs are attributed to the lack of these eicosanoids.

A

arachidonic acid

32
Q

Inhibits platelet aggregation and isusedin the prevention of blood clots.

A

Aspirin

33
Q

Primary established effect of aspirin on hemostasis is to impair platelet aggregation via inhibition of platelet thromboxane A2synthesis, thus reducing thrombus formation on the surface of the damaged arterial wall.

A

Antithrombotic

34
Q

Thisis used to relieve pain, swelling (inflammation), and joint stiffness caused by arthritis (joint inflammation).

A

Diclofenac

35
Q

Thisis used to relieve pain from various conditions such as headache, dental pain, menstrual cramps, muscle aches, or arthritis.

A

Ibuprofen

36
Q

Thisis used to treat mild to moderate pain and dysmenorrhea (menstrual cramps).

A

Mefenamic acid

37
Q

Thisis a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) that is available by prescription only and used for therapy of chronic arthritis.

A

Tolmetin

38
Q

Thisis used to reduce pain, swelling, and joint stiffness from arthritis.
4-(6-methoxy-2-napthyl)-2-butanone

A

Nabumetone

39
Q

Valproic acid isused to treat what certain type of seizures (epilepsy)?

A

Petit mal seizure

40
Q

This medicine is an anticonvulsant that works in the brain tissue to stop seizures.

  • absence/ petit mal seizure
A

Valproic acid

41
Q

EDTA meaning

A

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

42
Q

This white, water-soluble solid is widely used to bind to iron and calcium ions.

A

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

43
Q

Chelation therapyusing EDTA is the medically-accepted treatment for _____ poisoning.

A

lead

44
Q

Injected intravenously and once in the bloodstream, EDTA traps lead and other metals, forming a compound that the body can eliminate in the ______.

A

Urine

45
Q

Acid Halides formula

A

RCOX

46
Q

Acyl chlorides formula

A

RCOCl

47
Q

More common and less expensive than bromides or iodides.

A

Acyl chlorides

48
Q

More common and less expensive than bromides or iodides.

A

Acyl chlorides

49
Q

Chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with H2O.

A

Hydrolysis

50
Q

IUPAC recognizes eight exceptions for
which a -yl rather than an -oyl ending is used:

A

formic (formyl), acetic (acetyl),
propionic (propionyl), butyric (butyryl), oxalic (oxalyl), malonic (malonyl),
succinic (succinyl), and glutaric (glutaryl)

51
Q

Compounds in which the hydroxyl part of the carboxyl group is replaced by various other groups. All acid derivatives can be hydrolyzed to the corresponding carboxylic acid.

A

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

52
Q

Primary amide has how many carbon and hydrogen?

A

1 Carbon, 2 Hydrogen

53
Q

Secondary amide has how many carbon and hydrogen?

A

2 Carbon, 1 Hydrogen

54
Q

Tertiary amide has how many carbon and hydrogen?

A

3 Carbon, No Hydrogen

55
Q

What is the most reactive derivative?

A

Acyl halide

56
Q

What is the least reactive derivative?

A

Amide

57
Q

Esters are derived from acids by replacing the OH group by an -OR group and have the general formula _______.

A

RCOOR

58
Q

1 carbon attached to 3 carbons

A

Tertiary (tert)

59
Q

1 carbon attached to other 2 carbons

A

Secondary (sec)

60
Q

Ester hydrolysis in basic solution is called?

A

Saponification

61
Q

Saponification, after the Latin
word ______, meaning “soap.”

A

sapo

62
Q

Soap is in fact made by boiling _______ with aqueous base to hydrolyze the ester linkages.

A

animal fat

63
Q

__________ Esters react with ammonia and amines to yield amides. The reaction is not often used, however, because it’s usually easier to prepare an amide by starting with an acid chloride

A

Aminolysis

64
Q

What is the most commonly used laboratory method for preparing amides?

A

Reaction of acid chlorides with amines

PORG (16 decks)

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