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PORG > AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS > Flashcards

AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS Flashcards

1
Q

Benzene is usually used as?

A

industrial solvent

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2
Q

Benzene chemical formula

A

C6H6

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3
Q

Benzene was first isolated in ____ by English chemist _______ from the oily residues after heating while oil under pressure to produce a gas used to illuminate buildings in London.

A

Michael Faraday, 1825

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4
Q

Benzene, aside from being an industrial solvent, is also used as?

A

gasoline additive

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5
Q

C6H5CO2H

A

benzoic acid

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6
Q

A compound obtained by chemical degradation of gum benzoin, the fragrant balsam exuded by a tree that grows on the island of Java, Indonesia.

A

Benzoic acid (C6H5COE2H)

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7
Q

The fragrant balsam exuded by a tree that grows on the island of Java, Indonesia.

A

Gum benzoin

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8
Q

Thus benzene, toluene, and related hydrocarbons, while not particularly pleasant- smelling themselves, were classified as aromatic because they were obtained from _______ substances.

A

fragrant

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9
Q

benzoic acid is fungiSTATIC (as preservative)

A

inhibits growth of fungi

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10
Q

This Austrian chemist, recognized in ______ that most aromatic substances have formulas that can be derived from benzene by replacing one or more hydrogens by other atoms or groups.

A

Joseph Loschmidt, 1861

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11
Q

Replacing one of the hydrogens with a different functional group.

A

Benzene Derivatives

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12
Q

The parent hydrocarbon of the especially stable compounds known as aromatic compounds.

A

Benzene

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13
Q

The term _______ thus came to mean any compound structurally derived from benzene.

A

aromatic

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14
Q

These aromatic compounds are hydrocarbons that contain a ____________ as a structural unit.

A

benzene ring

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15
Q

In addition to benzene, other examples include _____ and ________.

A

toluene and naphthalene

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16
Q

Breaks and releases benzene from benzoic acid.

A

Calcium Oxide (CaO)

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17
Q

All arenes are either ________ at room temperature; none are gases.

A

liquids or solids

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18
Q

Aromatic hydrocarbons are ______ in water.

A

insoluble

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19
Q

Benzene was once widely used as a solvent, but evidence of its __________ properties prompted its replacement by less hazardous solvents.

A

carcinogenic

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20
Q

These have the potential to cause cancer.

A

Carcinogenic

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21
Q

The most common reactions of aromatic compounds involve substitution of other atoms or groups for a ring hydrogen on the aromatic unit.

A

electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction

22
Q

The most common reactions of aromatic compounds involve ________ of other atoms or groups for a ring hydrogen on the aromatic unit, or more precisely called an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.

A

substitution

23
Q

Ideal temperature to takes place reaction in electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.

A

0 - 50°C

24
Q

The bromination or chlorination of benzene requires a Lewis acid such as ?

A

ferric bromide or ferric chloride

(ferric chloride is most used)

25
Q

Electrophilic iodine (I+) is obtained by treating I2 with an oxidizing agent such as ?

A

nitric acid

26
Q

Nitration of benzene with nitric acid requires _______ as a catalyst.

A

sulfuric acid

27
Q

Purpose of sulfuric acid in nitration?

A

Protonates nitric acid

28
Q

Fuming sulfuric acid (a solution of SO3 in sulfuric acid) or concentrated sulfuric acid is used to sulfonate ?

A

aromatic rings

29
Q

A sulfonic acid is a (strong acid / weak acid) because of the three electron- withdrawing oxygen atoms and the stability of its conjugate base.

A

strong acid

30
Q

triangle meaning in a chemical reaction

A

heat

31
Q

what group is SO3H

A

sulfonyl group

32
Q

Two electrophilic substitution reactions bear the names of chemists Charles Friedel and James Crafts.

A

Friedel-Crafts acylation - places an acyl group on a benzene ring

Friedel-Crafts alkylation - places an alkyl group on a benzene ring.

33
Q

Either an _______ or an _________ can be used for Friedel-Crafts acylation.

A

acyl halide
acid anhydride

34
Q

In Friedel-Crafts Acylation, acylation can only be used to give _____ because acyl halide decomposes into CO and HCL.

A

Ketones

35
Q

In Friedel-Crafts Acylation, arylamines form complexes with lewis acid (AlCl3) so aryl amines are unreactive.

A
36
Q

In Friedel-Crafts Acylation, amines & Alcohol can give competing nitrogen or oxygen acylation rather than the required ring acylation.

A
37
Q

The Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction substitutes an _________ for a hydrogen.

A

alkyl group

38
Q

Alkyl fluorides, alkyl chlorides, alkyl bromides, and alkyl rosdudes can all be used.

A

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation

39
Q

Aside from aluminum chloride (AlCl3), _____________ can be used.

A

ferric chloride (FeCl3)
zirconium chloride (ZrCl4)

40
Q

In Friedel-Crafts Alkylation, vinyl/arylhalides are _______ because intermediate carbocations are said to be unstable.

A

unreactive

41
Q

In Friedel-Crafts Alkylation, alkylation reaction are prone for _________.

A

carbocation rearrangements

42
Q

In Friedel-Crafts Alkylation, lewis acid catalyst form complex on arylamines (unreactive).

A
43
Q

olol suffix meaning

A

Beta-blockers , for anti-hypertension

44
Q

Phenobarbital use

A

anticonvulsant / antiseizure

45
Q

Phenytoin use

A

anticonvulsant / antiseizure

46
Q

Phenylbutazone use

A

NSAID , Non-selective COX Inhibitor

(cyclooxygenase is involved in inflammation)

(non selective means it inhibits both COX-1 & COZ-2)

47
Q

Atorvastatin use

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor , for antihyperlipidemic agent

(hydroxymethyl glutaryl)

48
Q

17a-Ethinylestradiol use

A

synthetic steroid , prepared from ESTRONE

for birth control pills
(not naturally occuring, synthesized in the laboratory)

49
Q

Warfarin use

A

anti-coagulant (prevent blood clot)

50
Q

Amphetamine use

A

psychostimulant

for treatment of ADHD (attention deficit hyper activity disorder), narcolepsy (chronic neurological disorder, thalamus is affected)

to manage obesity

PORG (16 decks)

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