Esophageal pathologies

Question 1

GERD

Answer 1

Heartburn, regurg upon lying down.

May present with nocturnal cough, dyspnea, adult onset asthma.

Decrease in LES tone

Question 2

Esophageal varices

Answer 2

Painless bleeding

Question 3

Esophagitis

Answer 3

Associated with reflux, chemical ingestion, infection:

candida: white pseudomembrane,
HSV-1: punched out ulcers
CMV: linear ulcers

Question 4

Mallory Weiss and BoerHaave

Answer 4

Mallory weiss: mucosal laceration at GE junction due to vomiting, leads to hematemesis

Boerhaave: transmural esophageal rupture due to violent retching.

Question 5

Esophageal strictures

Answer 5

Lye digestion

Acid reflux

Question 6

Plummer vinson syndrome

Answer 6

Dysphagia (esophageal web)
Glossitis
Iron deficiency anemia

Question 7

Barrett’s esophagus

Answer 7

Glandular metaplasia; replacing nonkeratinized squamous with intestinal.

Question 8

Esophageal cancer

Answer 8

Squamous or adeno

Typically progressive dysphagia (first solid, then liquid) and weight loss; poor prognosis.

Question 9

Esophageal cancer:

Risk factors

Answer 9

Achalasia
Alcohol: squamous
Barrett: adeno
Cigarette: both
Diverticula: squamous
Esophageal web: squamous
Familial
Fat (obesity): adeno
GERD: adeno
Hot liquid: squamous.

Question 10

Esophageal cancer:

prevalence

Answer 10

Worldwide, SCC
US, adeno

Squamous upper 2/3
Adeno lower 1/3