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Pharmacy > Equine Vaccines > Flashcards

Equine Vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

What classifies a high risk horse?

A

Any horse that is showing, racing, or involved in other competitions that have high contact with large numbers of outside horses.

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2
Q

What classifies a medium risk horse?

A

Horses occasionally compete off the property, but are not in contact with large numbers of outside horses.

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3
Q

What classifies a low risk horse?

A

Horses that seldom go off the property and are not in contact with large numbers of outside horses.

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4
Q

What does a closed herd mean for horses?

A

Horses never leave the farm but vaccines still need to be considered. Infectious diseases are transmitted by means other than horses; insects, wildlife, and people can also spread infectious diseases

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5
Q

What are three other considerations for risk assessment for horses?

A

Area, population, current disease levels in given year

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6
Q

What is the general timeline for unvaccinated equine?

A

Requires 2 doses; the initial vaccine and
a booster 3-6 weeks later. Repeat 1 dose annually, unless in the high risk category, may require more boosters

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7
Q

What is the infection rate of equine influenza?

A

100% morbidity

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8
Q

Is mortality common for equine influenza?

A

Rare

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9
Q

What is the timeline for vaccines for broodmares for equine influenza?

A

1 dose before breeding and 1 dose given 4-6 weeks pre- foaling.

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10
Q

What is the timeline for vaccines for stallions for equine influenza?

A

1 dose before breeding season.

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11
Q

What is the timeline for vaccines for foals for equine influenza?

A
  • From vaccinated mare: 3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart starting at 9 months of age.
  • From unvaccinated mare: 3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart, starting at 6 months of age.
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12
Q

What is the timeline for vaccines for yearlings for equine influenza?

A
  • 1 dose for low to medium risk group.
  • 1 dose every 3-4 months for high risk group.
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13
Q

What is the timeline for vaccines pleasure for equine influenza?

A

1 dose annually for low to medium risk group.

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14
Q

What is the timeline for vaccines performance for equine influenza?

A
  • 1 dose every 3-4 months for medium to high risk group.
  • 1 dose annually for low risk group.
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15
Q

What are the clinical signs for equine influenza?

A

Flu symptoms

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16
Q

What are the clinical signs for equine Upper Respiratory Rhinopneumonitis?

A

Flu like symptoms

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17
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for broodmares for Upper Respiratory Rhinopneumonitis?

A

1 dose before breeding and 1 dose given 4-6 weeks pre- foaling.

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18
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for stallions for Upper Respiratory Rhinopneumonitis?

A

1 dose before breeding season.

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19
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for foals for Upper Respiratory Rhinopneumonitis?

A
  • From vaccinated mare: 3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart starting at 9 months of age.
  • From unvaccinated mare: 3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart, starting at 6 months of age.
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20
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for yearlings for Upper Respiratory Rhinopneumonitis?

A
  • 1 dose for low to medium risk group.
  • 1 dose every 3-4 months for high risk group.
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21
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for pleasure for Upper Respiratory Rhinopneumonitis?

A
  • 1 dose annually for medium to high risk group.
  • Not required for low risk group.
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22
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for performance for Upper Respiratory Rhinopneumonitis?

A
  • 1 dose every 3-4 months for medium to high risk group.
  • 1 dose annually for low risk group.
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23
Q

How is Upper Respiratory Rhinopneumonitis spread?

A

Virus is shed in nasal secretions and spread via direct or indirect contact

24
Q

What happens if a pregnant mare contracts Equine Herpes Virus – Abortion Strain?

A

Abortions in pregnant mares. We can see what is called abortion storms, where numerous mares within a herd all abort.

25
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for Equine Herpes Virus – Abortion Strain in broodmares?

A

Three doses are required at 5, 7, and 9 months gestation.

26
Q

What are the two strains of viral encephalomyelitis?

A

WEE and EEE

27
Q

What are the clinical signs of WEE and EEE?

A

Sleeping sickness, serious CNS infection = high mortality, Zoonotic

28
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for WEE and EEE for broodmares?

A

1 dose 4-6 weeks pre-foaling.

29
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for WEE and EEE for stallions?

A

1 dose annually before breeding season.

30
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for WEE and EEE for foals?

A
  • From vaccinated mare: 3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart starting at 6 months of age.
  • From unvaccinated mare: 3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart, starting at 3 months of age.
31
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for WEE and EEE for yearlings?

A

1 dose annually (spring).

32
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for WEE and EEE for pleasure?

A

1 dose annually (spring).

33
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for WEE and EEE for performance?

A

1 dose annually (spring).

34
Q

What are the clinical signs of West Nile virus?

A

Causes severe inflammation of brain and spinal cord, zoonotic

35
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for West Nile virus for broodmares?

A

1 dose annually, or every 6 months in high risk areas.

36
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for West Nile virus for stallions?

A

1 dose annually, or every 6 months in high risk areas.

37
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for West Nile virus for foals?

A
  • From vaccinated mare – high risk area: 3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart at 3-5 months of age.
  • From vaccinated mare – low risk area: 2 doses, 3-4 weeks apart at 5-7 months of age.
  • From unvaccinated mare – high risk area: 3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart, starting at 6-8 weeks of age.
  • From unvaccinated mare – low risk area: 3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart, starting at 3 months of age.
38
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for West Nile virus for yearlings, pleasure, and performance?

A

1 dose annually, or every 6 months in high risk areas.

39
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of tetanus?

A

● ‘Lockjaw’
● Fatal disease
● Horses 10x more susceptible than humans
● Highly effective vaccine
● Contracted via puncture wound (most commonly)
○ C. tetani

40
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for tetanus for broodmares?

A

1 dose 4-6 weeks pre-foaling.

41
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for tetanus for stallions?

A

1 dose annually

42
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for tetanus for foals?

A
  • From vaccinated mare: 3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart, starting at 6 months of age.
  • From unvaccinated mare: 3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart, starting at 3 months of age.
43
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for tetanus for yearlings, pleasure, performance?

A

1 dose annually.

44
Q

Is rabies a required vaccine for horses?

A

Not recommended but there is a vaccine, fatal if contracted

45
Q

How is the strangles vaccine administered?

A

Intranasal, MLV

46
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for strangles for broodmares?

A

Most veterinarians do not recommend using intranasal strangles on Broodmares because it is a modified live vaccine.

47
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for strangles for stallions?

A

Not often recommended.

48
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for strangles for foals?

A

High risk: 2 doses, 2-3 weeks apart starting at 6-9 months of age

49
Q

What is the vaccine timeline for strangles for yearlings, pleasure, performance?

A

High risk: 1 dose annually.

50
Q

(T or F) There is a vaccine for Potomac Horse fever and it is effective

A

False

51
Q

What does polyvalent mean?

A

One vaccine covers multiple diseases

52
Q

What does monovalent mean?

A

One vaccine covers one disease

53
Q

A producer would like to protect his herd from Blackleg. What will you look for on the vaccine labels to ensure the vaccine provides coverage?

A

Clostridium chauvoei

54
Q

This bovine disease results in clinical signs of hindleg stiffness, sawhorse stance, and a startled expression.

A

Clostridium tetani

55
Q

This equine vaccine is often given to pregnant mares at 5, 7 and 9 months gestation.

A

Pneumabort

Pharmacy (15 decks)

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