Equine Vaccines Flashcards
What classifies a high risk horse?
Any horse that is showing, racing, or involved in other competitions that have high contact with large numbers of outside horses.
What classifies a medium risk horse?
Horses occasionally compete off the property, but are not in contact with large numbers of outside horses.
What classifies a low risk horse?
Horses that seldom go off the property and are not in contact with large numbers of outside horses.
What does a closed herd mean for horses?
Horses never leave the farm but vaccines still need to be considered. Infectious diseases are transmitted by means other than horses; insects, wildlife, and people can also spread infectious diseases
What are three other considerations for risk assessment for horses?
Area, population, current disease levels in given year
What is the general timeline for unvaccinated equine?
Requires 2 doses; the initial vaccine and
a booster 3-6 weeks later. Repeat 1 dose annually, unless in the high risk category, may require more boosters
What is the infection rate of equine influenza?
100% morbidity
Is mortality common for equine influenza?
Rare
What is the timeline for vaccines for broodmares for equine influenza?
1 dose before breeding and 1 dose given 4-6 weeks pre- foaling.
What is the timeline for vaccines for stallions for equine influenza?
1 dose before breeding season.
What is the timeline for vaccines for foals for equine influenza?
- From vaccinated mare: 3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart starting at 9 months of age.
- From unvaccinated mare: 3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart, starting at 6 months of age.
What is the timeline for vaccines for yearlings for equine influenza?
- 1 dose for low to medium risk group.
- 1 dose every 3-4 months for high risk group.
What is the timeline for vaccines pleasure for equine influenza?
1 dose annually for low to medium risk group.
What is the timeline for vaccines performance for equine influenza?
- 1 dose every 3-4 months for medium to high risk group.
- 1 dose annually for low risk group.
What are the clinical signs for equine influenza?
Flu symptoms
What are the clinical signs for equine Upper Respiratory Rhinopneumonitis?
Flu like symptoms
What is the vaccine timeline for broodmares for Upper Respiratory Rhinopneumonitis?
1 dose before breeding and 1 dose given 4-6 weeks pre- foaling.
What is the vaccine timeline for stallions for Upper Respiratory Rhinopneumonitis?
1 dose before breeding season.
What is the vaccine timeline for foals for Upper Respiratory Rhinopneumonitis?
- From vaccinated mare: 3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart starting at 9 months of age.
- From unvaccinated mare: 3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart, starting at 6 months of age.
What is the vaccine timeline for yearlings for Upper Respiratory Rhinopneumonitis?
- 1 dose for low to medium risk group.
- 1 dose every 3-4 months for high risk group.
What is the vaccine timeline for pleasure for Upper Respiratory Rhinopneumonitis?
- 1 dose annually for medium to high risk group.
- Not required for low risk group.
What is the vaccine timeline for performance for Upper Respiratory Rhinopneumonitis?
- 1 dose every 3-4 months for medium to high risk group.
- 1 dose annually for low risk group.
How is Upper Respiratory Rhinopneumonitis spread?
Virus is shed in nasal secretions and spread via direct or indirect contact
What happens if a pregnant mare contracts Equine Herpes Virus – Abortion Strain?
Abortions in pregnant mares. We can see what is called abortion storms, where numerous mares within a herd all abort.
What is the vaccine timeline for Equine Herpes Virus – Abortion Strain in broodmares?
Three doses are required at 5, 7, and 9 months gestation.
What are the two strains of viral encephalomyelitis?
WEE and EEE
What are the clinical signs of WEE and EEE?
Sleeping sickness, serious CNS infection = high mortality, Zoonotic
What is the vaccine timeline for WEE and EEE for broodmares?
1 dose 4-6 weeks pre-foaling.
What is the vaccine timeline for WEE and EEE for stallions?
1 dose annually before breeding season.
What is the vaccine timeline for WEE and EEE for foals?
- From vaccinated mare: 3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart starting at 6 months of age.
- From unvaccinated mare: 3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart, starting at 3 months of age.
What is the vaccine timeline for WEE and EEE for yearlings?
1 dose annually (spring).
What is the vaccine timeline for WEE and EEE for pleasure?
1 dose annually (spring).
What is the vaccine timeline for WEE and EEE for performance?
1 dose annually (spring).
What are the clinical signs of West Nile virus?
Causes severe inflammation of brain and spinal cord, zoonotic
What is the vaccine timeline for West Nile virus for broodmares?
1 dose annually, or every 6 months in high risk areas.
What is the vaccine timeline for West Nile virus for stallions?
1 dose annually, or every 6 months in high risk areas.
What is the vaccine timeline for West Nile virus for foals?
- From vaccinated mare – high risk area: 3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart at 3-5 months of age.
- From vaccinated mare – low risk area: 2 doses, 3-4 weeks apart at 5-7 months of age.
- From unvaccinated mare – high risk area: 3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart, starting at 6-8 weeks of age.
- From unvaccinated mare – low risk area: 3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart, starting at 3 months of age.
What is the vaccine timeline for West Nile virus for yearlings, pleasure, and performance?
1 dose annually, or every 6 months in high risk areas.
What are the clinical symptoms of tetanus?
● ‘Lockjaw’
● Fatal disease
● Horses 10x more susceptible than humans
● Highly effective vaccine
● Contracted via puncture wound (most commonly)
○ C. tetani
What is the vaccine timeline for tetanus for broodmares?
1 dose 4-6 weeks pre-foaling.
What is the vaccine timeline for tetanus for stallions?
1 dose annually
What is the vaccine timeline for tetanus for foals?
- From vaccinated mare: 3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart, starting at 6 months of age.
- From unvaccinated mare: 3 doses, 3-4 weeks apart, starting at 3 months of age.
What is the vaccine timeline for tetanus for yearlings, pleasure, performance?
1 dose annually.
Is rabies a required vaccine for horses?
Not recommended but there is a vaccine, fatal if contracted
How is the strangles vaccine administered?
Intranasal, MLV
What is the vaccine timeline for strangles for broodmares?
Most veterinarians do not recommend using intranasal strangles on Broodmares because it is a modified live vaccine.
What is the vaccine timeline for strangles for stallions?
Not often recommended.
What is the vaccine timeline for strangles for foals?
High risk: 2 doses, 2-3 weeks apart starting at 6-9 months of age
What is the vaccine timeline for strangles for yearlings, pleasure, performance?
High risk: 1 dose annually.
(T or F) There is a vaccine for Potomac Horse fever and it is effective
False
What does polyvalent mean?
One vaccine covers multiple diseases
What does monovalent mean?
One vaccine covers one disease
A producer would like to protect his herd from Blackleg. What will you look for on the vaccine labels to ensure the vaccine provides coverage?
Clostridium chauvoei
This bovine disease results in clinical signs of hindleg stiffness, sawhorse stance, and a startled expression.
Clostridium tetani
This equine vaccine is often given to pregnant mares at 5, 7 and 9 months gestation.
Pneumabort
