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Pharmacy > AntiParasitics > Flashcards

AntiParasitics Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs are under Avermectins?

A

Ivermectin, milbemycin, oxime, moxidectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, selamectin

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2
Q

What is the Spectrum of Avermectins?

A

Broad: all nematodes including larval, ectoparasites, parasitic larvae, does not kill Platyhelminthes

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3
Q

What is the Action of Avermectins?

A

Paralysis of GABA neurotransmitter

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4
Q

What are the Toxicities of Avermectin?

A

Very safe, breed sensitivity to Ivermectin (collies & Murray grey cattle), Selamectin not toxic to collies

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5
Q

Drugs under Benzimidazoles?

A

Albendazole, Fenbental, Fenbendazole, Mebendazole, Oxfendazole

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6
Q

What Spectrum is Benzimidazoles?

A

Nematodes = strongyles, pinworms, ascarids, round + whip + hook + lungworms, liver flukes

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7
Q

What is the Action of Benzimidazoles?

A

Generally safe, vomiting, diarrhea, embryotoxicity, nematode resistance (equine small strongyles), Albendazole = aplastic anemia in dogs & humans

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8
Q

Drugs under Tetrahydropyrimidines?

A

Pyrantel (Strongid-P, Strongid-T)

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9
Q

What Spectrum is Tetrahydropyrimidines?

A

Narrow: migrating larval nematodes & mature (ascarids, strongyles, pinworms, hookworms, round worms)

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10
Q

What is the Action/Uses of Tetrahydropyrimidines?

A

Interferes w/ neuromuscular system, paralysis and death

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11
Q

What are the Toxicites of Tetrahydropyrimidines?

A

well tolerated in most spp., increased respiratory, sweating, ataxia

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12
Q

Drugs under Organophosphates?

A

Carbaryl, propoxur, dichlorvos, cythioate, diazinon, fenthion, trichlorfon

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13
Q

What Spectrum is Organophosphates?

A

Insecticides for ectoparasites w/ other anthelmintics for endoparasites

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14
Q

What is the Action of Organophosphates?

A

Paralyzes nematode & insects, inhibits acetylcholinesterase

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15
Q

What are the Toxicities of Organophosphates?

A

All toxic to man & animals, low margin of safety, poisoning symptoms include: excessive salivations, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle tremors, meiosis

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16
Q

Drugs under Praziquantel/Epsiprantel?

A

Praziquantel (dronsit), Epsiprantel (cestex)

17
Q

What is the Spectrum of Praziquantel/Epsiprantel?

A

All mammalian cestodes, larval cestodes in intermediate hosts, many flukes, except ruminant liver fluke

18
Q

What is the Action of Praziquantel/Epsiprantel?

A

Alters ionic balance in muscle cells

19
Q

What are the Toxicities of Praziquantel/Epsiprantel?

A

Very safe, superior to other tapeworm anthelmintics, safe in pregnant bitches, not recommended in young animals, occasional vomiting at 40x

20
Q

Drugs under Nitroscanate?

A

Lopatol

21
Q

What is the Spectrum of Nitroscanate?

A

Roundworms, hookworms, tapeworms

22
Q

What are the Toxicities of Nitroscanate?

A

Very safe for dogs

23
Q

Drugs under Amitraz?

A

Amitraz (mitoban)

24
Q

What is the Spectrum of Amitraz?

A

Ticks, lice, mites

25
Q

What is the Action of Amitraz?

A

Affects CNS of susceptible organs

26
Q

What are the Toxicities of Amitraz?

A

Considered safe, toxic signs: transient sedation, decreased body temp, hyperglycemia, seizures, toxic to cats and rabbits

27
Q

Drugs under Pyrethrins?

A

Extract from Chrysanthemum flowers

28
Q

What is the Action of Pyrethrins?

A

Fleas, lice, many insects

29
Q

What is the Action of Pyrethrins?

A

Contact poison, (need to combine b/c lasts for short time)

30
Q

What are the Toxicities of Pyrethrins?

A

Safe for most mammals

31
Q

Drugs under Pyrethroids?

A

Permethrin (defend, ex spot), Eypermethrin (stock aid ear tags)

32
Q

What is the Spectrum of Pyrethroids?

A

Ticks, lice, fleas, keds, many flies

33
Q

What is the Action of Pyrethroids?

A

Contact poison

34
Q

What are the Toxicities of Pyrethroids?

A

Low mammalian toxicity

35
Q

Drugs under Imidacloprid?

A

“Advantage”

36
Q

What is the Spectrum of Imidacloprid?

A

Flea & lice control on dogs

37
Q

What is the Action of Imidacloprid?

A

Impairs nervous system

Pharmacy (15 decks)

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