AntiParasitics Flashcards
What drugs are under Avermectins?
Ivermectin, milbemycin, oxime, moxidectin, doramectin, eprinomectin, selamectin
What is the Spectrum of Avermectins?
Broad: all nematodes including larval, ectoparasites, parasitic larvae, does not kill Platyhelminthes
What is the Action of Avermectins?
Paralysis of GABA neurotransmitter
What are the Toxicities of Avermectin?
Very safe, breed sensitivity to Ivermectin (collies & Murray grey cattle), Selamectin not toxic to collies
Drugs under Benzimidazoles?
Albendazole, Fenbental, Fenbendazole, Mebendazole, Oxfendazole
What Spectrum is Benzimidazoles?
Nematodes = strongyles, pinworms, ascarids, round + whip + hook + lungworms, liver flukes
What is the Action of Benzimidazoles?
Generally safe, vomiting, diarrhea, embryotoxicity, nematode resistance (equine small strongyles), Albendazole = aplastic anemia in dogs & humans
Drugs under Tetrahydropyrimidines?
Pyrantel (Strongid-P, Strongid-T)
What Spectrum is Tetrahydropyrimidines?
Narrow: migrating larval nematodes & mature (ascarids, strongyles, pinworms, hookworms, round worms)
What is the Action/Uses of Tetrahydropyrimidines?
Interferes w/ neuromuscular system, paralysis and death
What are the Toxicites of Tetrahydropyrimidines?
well tolerated in most spp., increased respiratory, sweating, ataxia
Drugs under Organophosphates?
Carbaryl, propoxur, dichlorvos, cythioate, diazinon, fenthion, trichlorfon
What Spectrum is Organophosphates?
Insecticides for ectoparasites w/ other anthelmintics for endoparasites
What is the Action of Organophosphates?
Paralyzes nematode & insects, inhibits acetylcholinesterase
What are the Toxicities of Organophosphates?
All toxic to man & animals, low margin of safety, poisoning symptoms include: excessive salivations, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle tremors, meiosis
Drugs under Praziquantel/Epsiprantel?
Praziquantel (dronsit), Epsiprantel (cestex)
What is the Spectrum of Praziquantel/Epsiprantel?
All mammalian cestodes, larval cestodes in intermediate hosts, many flukes, except ruminant liver fluke
What is the Action of Praziquantel/Epsiprantel?
Alters ionic balance in muscle cells
What are the Toxicities of Praziquantel/Epsiprantel?
Very safe, superior to other tapeworm anthelmintics, safe in pregnant bitches, not recommended in young animals, occasional vomiting at 40x
Drugs under Nitroscanate?
Lopatol
What is the Spectrum of Nitroscanate?
Roundworms, hookworms, tapeworms
What are the Toxicities of Nitroscanate?
Very safe for dogs
Drugs under Amitraz?
Amitraz (mitoban)
What is the Spectrum of Amitraz?
Ticks, lice, mites
What is the Action of Amitraz?
Affects CNS of susceptible organs
What are the Toxicities of Amitraz?
Considered safe, toxic signs: transient sedation, decreased body temp, hyperglycemia, seizures, toxic to cats and rabbits
Drugs under Pyrethrins?
Extract from Chrysanthemum flowers
What is the Action of Pyrethrins?
Fleas, lice, many insects
What is the Action of Pyrethrins?
Contact poison, (need to combine b/c lasts for short time)
What are the Toxicities of Pyrethrins?
Safe for most mammals
Drugs under Pyrethroids?
Permethrin (defend, ex spot), Eypermethrin (stock aid ear tags)
What is the Spectrum of Pyrethroids?
Ticks, lice, fleas, keds, many flies
What is the Action of Pyrethroids?
Contact poison
What are the Toxicities of Pyrethroids?
Low mammalian toxicity
Drugs under Imidacloprid?
“Advantage”
What is the Spectrum of Imidacloprid?
Flea & lice control on dogs
What is the Action of Imidacloprid?
Impairs nervous system
