Canine Vaccines Flashcards
What are some reasons a vaccine protocol might vary for an animal?
- Age of animal;
- Species of animal;
- Geographical location;
- How animals are housed;
- Type of vaccine being used;
- Health status of animal;
- Lifestyle of animal;
- Travel habits of animal;
- Previous vaccine history.
What is a core vaccine?
Vaccines that are universally recommended for all animals of a certain species
What is a non-core vaccine?
These are optional vaccines that are recommended based on need or risk.
What is a not recommended vaccine?
These are vaccines that currently do not show any efficacy
What is the vaccine protocol for dogs for Canine Parvovirus for a puppy <16 wks old?
MLV, Min. 3 doses b/w 6 and 16 wks every 3 -4 weeks, final dose given b/w 14-16 wks.
What is the vaccine protocol for dogs for Canine Parvovirus for a Initial adult vacc. >16 weeks?
MLV, 2 doses, 3-4 weeks apart
What is the vaccine protocol for dogs for Canine Parvovirus for a booster?
MLV, 1 year after primary vaccination, then every 3 years
What is the vaccine protocol for dogs for Canine Adenovirus 2 for a puppy <16 wks old?
MLV Min. 3 doses b/w the ages of 6-16 wks every 3-4 wks. Final dose at 14-16 wks.
What is the vaccine protocol for dogs for Canine Adenovirus 2 for a initial adult >16 wks old?
MLV 2 doses, 3 to 4 weeks apart
What is the vaccine protocol for dogs for Canine Adenovirus 2 for a booster?
MLV 1 year after primary vaccination then every 1 to 3 years
What is the vaccine protocol for dogs for Rabies for a puppy <16 wks old?
Killed, Administer one dose as early as 3 months of age.
What is the vaccine protocol for dogs for Rabies for a initial adult >16 wks old?
Killed, Administer a single dose.
What is the vaccine protocol for dogs for Rabies for a booster?
Killed, 1 year after primary vaccination then every 1 to 3 years
What are core vaccines for dogs?
Canine parvovirus, canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus 2 and Rabies
What are non core vaccines for dogs?
- Bordetella bronchiseptica
- Parainfluenza.
- Borrelia burgdorferi
- Leptospira interrogans
What are not recommended vaccines for dogs for routine use?
- Canine Coronavirus.
- Crotalus atrox Toxoid
- Porphyromonas sp.
What are the non core vaccines for cats?
- Feline leukemia virus is recommended for cats that are not restricted to a closed, indoor, FeLV-negative environment.
- FIV vaccine is restricted to cats at high risk of infection.
- Chlamydia
What are the risk factors for dogs?
○ Age
○ Contact with other dogs
○ Regional variations
○ Breed
○ Environmental exposure
○ Immunosuppressed
(T or F) The incidence rate of Canine Distemper is low in poorly vaccinated areas?
False
How is Canine Distemper spread?
Virus particles in the air, puppies during pregnancy
Give examples of some species Canine Distemper effects?
Fox, coyotes, wolves, ferrets, racoon, badger
What body systems does Canine Distemper effect?
All body systems
What are the symptoms of Canine Distemper?
○ Fever, vomiting, diarrhea, coughing, seizures
○ Ocular & nasal discharge, hard pad disease
Is there a Tx for Canine Distemper?
No Tx once animal is infected, can only provide supportive Tx
What are the long term symptoms of Canine Distemper?
Seizures, damaged tooth enamel
What is the morbidity rate of Canine Distemper?
High, unvaccinated will get sick
What is the mortality rate for Canine Distemper?
Infected animals likely die
What is the incidence rate for Canine Parvovirus?
High incidence rate
How is Canine Parvovirus transferred?
Fecal-oral transmission
Does Canine Parvovirus require direct contact to be transferred?
No
Which breeds are more susceptible to Canine Parvovirus?
Dobermans, Rottweilers, min pins and pit bulls
How long can Canine Parvovirus survive in the environment?
5 months
How would do you disinfect against Canine Parvovirus?
Bleach or special disinfecting agents
How much of the Canine Parvovirus is required to spread the disease?
Very little particles needed to transmit disease
What are the symptoms of Canine Parvovirus?
Starts with depression, fever and inappetance (anorexia). Rapidly progresses to vomiting, profuse diarrhea (may be bloody), severe dehydration.
What happens if Canine Parvovirus is left untreated?
Dehydration
Bacterial infection
Virus destroys lining of intestine
What kind of Tx can be done for Canine Parvovirus?
Supportive care
What is Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis?
Kennel cough, Canine Parainfluenza, Bordetella
How is kennel cough spread?
Highly contagious, spread by aerosols
What are the routes for kennel cough?
IN most effective, SQ not as effective
What is the mild form of kennel cough?
○ Dry, hacking cough followed by retching
○ Nasal/ocular discharge, mild fever
○ Resolves in 10-14 days
○ Antitussive
What is the complicated form of kennel cough?
○ Young puppies, geriatric dogs
○ Due to secondary bacterial infections = pneumonia
What is Canine Infectious Hepatitis?
Adenovirus or CAV-1
How is Canine Adenovirus spread?
Spread by direct contact and fomites
Infected animals shed virus and spread disease not only when ill and through urine for 6–9 months after recovery
What are the C/S of Canine Adenovirus?
○ Fever
○ Depression
○ Vomiting
○ Anorexia
○ Abdominal pain & distention
○ Ocular signs
○ Yellow mucous membranes or whites of eyes (icterus)
What is the mortality rate?
Infected dogs may die within hours of developing clinical signs
How contagious is Canine Coronavirus and how does it spreads?
Highly contagious ○ Fecal-oral route in high density environments
What life stages are most susceptible to Cane Coronavirus?
Puppies
What is Leptospirosis?
Zoonotic
How is Leptospirosis spread?
● Infection occurs through aerosolized urine, ingestion, contact with wounds or mucous membranes, or direct contact
● Infected animals can shed bacteria for at least 6 months.
What does Leptospirosis attack in the body and what are C/S?
Liver and kidneys. Clinical signs include fever, dehydration, depression, icterus, blood in urine or feces.
How are veterinary staff exposed to Leptospirosis?
Through contact with animal urine, wounds, and blood
What are the C/S of Lyme disease?
○ Fever
○ Joint pain/stiffness
○ Can lead to arthritis
○ May be recurrent – weeks to months
How is rabies spread?
Contact with saliva or wounds of
infected animal
