EPONYMS Flashcards
Angelman syndrome:
Anton syndrome
**Angelman - **Congenital syndrome of mental retardation and epilepsy that is distinctive for puppetlike movements, compulsive laughter, and heritability.
Anton - Condition of **blindness **in which patient **denies **he cannot see and confabulates; a particular type of anosognosia. This condition is classically but not exclusively associated with bilateral occipital cortex lesions
Balint sybdrome
Bell mania
**Balint- ** Constellation of symptoms that include fixation of gaze, neglect of objects in visual surroundings, and misreaching, usually due to bilateral superior parietooccipital lesions.
(balint group you cant see the group)
Bell mania- Disorganized
hyperactivity that can be fatal if untreated;
* the syndrome is rare, probably because
of the widespread use of antipsychotics, and the eponym is antiquated
Binswanger disease
Briquet syndrome
Binswanger disease- A particular type of multi-infarct dementia (Vascular Dementia) in which infarcts selectively affect the white matter.
briquet- somtaisation disorder- complaints across different
organ systems as a manifestation of
anxiety.
Brueghel syndrome
Charcot-Wilbrand syndrome:
**Brueghel- **Trigeminal dystonia that affects the mouth, sometimes provoked by antipsychotics.
Charcot-Wilbrand syndrome:
“Global cessation of dreaming”; the
loss of all or part of dreaming after brain injury.
Clerambault-Kandinsky syndrome:
[Cornelia] de Lange syndrome:
The syndrome that includes any paranoid psychosis in which thought insertions predominate, regardless of
etiology.
lange- Congenital mental retardation
distinctive for patients’ self-injury,
hyperactivity, sleeplessness, and
aggression
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease:
Rapidly progressive dementia caused by
transmissible prions (proteinaceous
infectious particles) and distinctive for
ataxia, myoclonus, EEG triphasic
waves, and the diffuse spongiform
appearance of the patient’s brain after
death.
Fahr disease:
Idiopathic calcification of basal ganglia that causes dementia and abnormal extra movements, often comorbid with obsessive-compulsive and mood symptom
Ganser syndrome:
Gardner-Diamond syndrome:
The symptom of answering all questions approximately;
e.g., “2+2=5
Gardner-Diamond syndrome:
Purpura associated with psychological
stress; subcutaneous injection of
patients’ own blood reproduces the
rash in the (mostly female) sufferers
Gerstmann syndrome: F
- Finger agnosia
- agraphia
- right-left
- disorientation
- dyscalculia
associated with dominant parietal lobe
lesions.
Geschwind syndrome:
Constellation of interictal behavior including hyposexuality, hyperreligiosity,
hypergraphia, and “viscosity” (not
observing appropriate social boundaries in conversation), all seen in some patients with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy.
Hakim-Adams syndrome:
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles without a significant rise
in intracranial pressure
which often causes dementia, gait apraxia, and incontinence; shunting reverses the dementia if it is identified in time.
Hoigne syndrome:
Hoover sign:
Hoigne syndrome: Acute psychosis
due to the intravenous injection of
penicillin.
Hoover sign: Unconsciously exerted
downward pressure with a healthy leg
when the paretic leg is challenged; its
absence demonstrates a feigned deficit
Kahlbaum syndrome:
Catatonia; a
syndrome of waxy posturing or
purposeless agitation or speech, treated with benzodiazepines and ECT.
Kleine-Levin syndrome
Klüver-Bucy syndrome:
Syndrome of hyperphagia, hypersexuality, and
hypersomnia classically described in
male adolescents.
Klüver-Bucy syndrome: Syndrome of
temporal lobe damage involving
hypersexuality and hyperorality.
Langfeldt psychosis:
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Psychosis without the declining course of schizophrenia.
L-Nyhan- Congenital mental retardation caused by a chromosome 26 deletion, with defective purine metabolism and
ferocious self-injury.
Marinescu reflex:
Martin-Bell syndrome:
Marinescu reflex: Palmomental
reflex; the movement of the chin after
stroking the palm, which, when
unilateral, suggests frontal or diffuse
brain damage.
Fragile X–
linked mental retardation, a condition
due to trinucleotide repeats on the X
chromosome that is the most common
genetic cause of mental retardation;
particularly important in psychiatry
because many patients suffer from
autism and virtually all have attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder.
Meige syndrome:
Dystonic blepharospasm; recurrent involuntary blinking caused by a
hypodopaminergic state such as that
induced by antipsychotics
Prader-Willi syndrome:
Rasmussen syndrome:
Prader-Willi syndrome: a congenital
form of mental retardation distinctive
for patients’ compulsive eating and
self-mutilation; caused by a
chromosome 15 deletion
Unilateral
brain atrophy and continuous epilepsy
that results in cognitive decline until
the affected portion of the brain is
removed.
Rett syndrome:
Strauss syndrome:
Rett syndrome: Developmental
disorder caused by an X-linked
dominant mutation that is found
mostly in girls and involves acquired
microcephaly, reversal of cognitive
and social development, ataxia, and
“hand-wringing (stereotypic hand
movements and manual dyspraxia).”
AttentionDeficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; the condition of inattention and/or hyperactivity once known as “minimal
brain damage syndrome.”
Wernicke encephalopathy
Triad of delirium, ataxia, and abnormal eye movements associated with thiamin deficiency, particularly in alcohol abusers.
Williams syndrome:
Wilsons disease
Congenital syndrome of mental retardation with a deletion on chromosome 7, distinctive
for patients’ fluent verbal ability and
“elfin” face
Congenital recessive
condition of defective copper
metabolism due to a defect in
chromosome 13, characterized by
hepatic symptoms and later psychiatric
symptoms and choreoathetosis as
various organ systems are
overwhelmed by copper.
It can be diagnosed (once the central nervous system is affected) by finding KaiserFleischer rings in the cornea with a slit-lamp though these are not
universally present. A more reliable
diagnosis depends on LOW ceruloplasmin and elevated copper in
urine and liver biopsies.
Wolfram syndrome:
Rare autosomal
recessive syndrome caused by a defect
in chromosome 4, with diabetes,
bilateral optic atrophy, and diverse
psychiatric disorders. Heterozygotes
for the Wolfram mutation are
extremely common (occurring in 1%
of the population), and those having
them high risk psych illness
