BASIC PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards
FGA vs SGA
second generation came into use after 1990
4 types of new novel antipsychotics?
- Xanomeline (m1/m4 central agonism)
- Roluperidone - 5Ht2A antagonist- help -ve syx
- D3 Antagonists
- Trace amine receptor antagonisnt
placebo vs nocebo
placebo - beneficial outcomes
nocebo - harmful outcomes
placebo induced analgesia is partially reversed by
administering the opioid antagonist naloxone
median toxic dose
median effective dose
Dose at which 50% of patients experience a specific toxic effect
dost at which 50% have specified therapeutic effect
Quantal curves
Dose response curves
Plot the % of a population showing a specified, predefined categorical drug effect against the dose
Dose response curves- plot the drug concentration against continuous effect of the drug
Effect of sodium valproate on lamotragine
NA can inhibit breakdown of lamotragine –> higher plasma levels. Valproate can increase risk of allergic rash also
good combination for treatment resistant depression?
Venlafaxine and mirtazapine
who discovered psychotropic effect lithium?
Cade
safest TCA in elderly?
Lofepramine = causes least post hypotension
(/- nortiptyline)
fatal seretonin syndrome combination
Pethidine + Tranylcypromine (MOAI eg phenelzine)
amphetamine intoxication can be treated with?
ammonium chloride - acidify urine
antipsychotic with short half life?
Quetiapine - 7 hours hence need it TDS daily
essential for high permeability?
balanced hydrophilic and lipophilic
what drugs go excreted unchanged in urine?
gabapentin
lithium
sulpride + amisulpride
donepezil
rivatgimine
galantamine
memantine
donepezil - ace i , selective reversible
rivastigmine - ace i reversible, non competitive (not competitve to get into river dancing in olympics)
galantamine - competitive reversible
memantine- NMDA receptor antagonist, non competitive (only of its kind)
clozapine affinity to?
D 4
5HT2A, D1 + d3+ d4
low occupancy d2 compared to others hence low EPSES
area under the curve after single dose (on plasma conc vs time) =
bioavailability of drug
agomelatine?
MT1 and MT2 melatonin agonist
5-HT2C receptor antagonist
hepatotoxicity dose related Se- check LFTs
