Epithelials - Chapter 4 Flashcards
What is histology?
The study of tissues
What are the four types tissues?
- Epithelial tissues
- Connective tissue
- Muscle tissue
- Nervous tissue
A zygote undergoes multiple rounds of what?
Mitosis
A zygote that has undergone mitosis becomes what?
a multicellular blastocyst
What are the three germ layers?
ectoderm - outer layer
mesoderm - middle layer
endoderm - inner layer
The two most common tissue stains are what?
hematoxylin and eosin
What are the 5 types of cell junctions?
- tight junctions
- adherens junctions
- desmosomes
- hemidesmosomes
- gap junction
What are the three arrangements of epithelial tissues?
simple
stratified
pseudostratified
What are the main cell shapes of epithelial cells?
squamous (flat)
cuboidal (square)
columnar (tall and narrow)
What are the functions of simple squamous cells?
diffusion, filtration, osmosis
What are the functions of simple cuboidal cells
absorption and secretion
What are functions of non-ciliated simple columnar cells?
secretion and absorption
may have microvilli to increase surface area for absorption
goblet cells to provide mucus
What are functions of ciliated simple columnar cells?
lining tubes
goblet cell provide mucus
adapted to move mucus by ciliary action
What are the functions of stratified squamous cells?
lining/protection
note: bottom layer looks like cuboidal or columnar
What are the functions of stratified cuboidal cells?
protection/secretion
What are the functions of transitional epithelial cells?
lining of the bladder, ureter and urethra
What are the functions of pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells?
adapted to move mucus
goblet cells provide mucus
What are the 2 types of glands?
endocrine glands
exocrine glands
What are the structural classifications of exocrine glands?
unicellular
multicellular (most)
What are the functional classifications of exocrine glands?
merocrine glands
apocrine glands
holocrine glands
Where are simple squamous cells found?
alveoli, Bowman’s capsule of kidney, lining walls of blood vessels
where are simple cuboidal cells found?
kidney tubules. glands, ovaries
where are non-ciliated simple columnar cells found?
GI tract, ducts of many glands
Where are stratified squamous cells found?
mouth and anus (non-keratinized), vagina (non-keratinized), skin (keratinized)
Where are transitional cells found?
lining of the bladder, ureter & urethra
where are pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells found?
upper respiratory tract.
