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AP 1 > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body?

A

Connective Tissue

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2
Q

What does CT consist of?

A

Cells, ground substance and fibers

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3
Q

What is the extracellular matrix composed of?

A

Ground substance and fibers

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4
Q

The matrix of CT may be in what forms?

A

fluid
semifluid
gelatinous
fibrous
calcified

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5
Q

What are immature cells called?

A

blasts

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6
Q

What are mature cells called?

A

cytes

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7
Q

What are the types of CT cells?

A

fibroblasts
macrophages
plasma cells
mast cells
adipocytes
neutrophils

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8
Q

What are fibroblasts in cartilage called?

A

chondroblasts

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9
Q

What are fibroblasts in bone called?

A

osteoblasts

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10
Q

What do macrophages do?

A

Engulf bacteria and cellular debris

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11
Q

What are the two types of macrophages?

A

fixed and wandering

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12
Q

What do plasma cells do?

A

They secrete antibodies and are part of the immune system.

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13
Q

What do mast cells do?

A

Produce histamine which dilates blood vessels.

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14
Q

What are adipocytes?

A

fat cells which store triglycerides

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15
Q

Where are adipocytes found?

A

below the skin and around organs such as heart and kidneys

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16
Q

What do neutrophils do?

A

They migrate to CT to combat pathogens

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17
Q

What is “ground substance”?

A

The part of CT between the fibers and cells

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18
Q

What does ground substance do?

A

holds water within the tissues.
Supports tissues and allows for diffusion of substances between blood vessels and cells.

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19
Q

What does ground substance contain?

A

polysaccharides and proteins

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20
Q

What is the matrix?

A

Consists of fibers embedded in ground substance

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21
Q

What are the 3 types of fibers make up the matrix?

A

collagen
elastic
reticular

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22
Q

How many types of collagen fibers are there?

A

28
(Type I is the most common)

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23
Q

Collagen is predominant in what tissues?

A

skin
bone
cartilage
tendons
ligaments

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24
Q

Collagen is resistant to what what force?

A

pulling force

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25
Q

Collagen can be physically described as?

A

very tough, resistant to pulling force, flexible

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26
Q

Type I collagen is often arranged how?

A

In bundles (like rope)

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27
Q

Elastic fibers are made of what?

A

The protein elastin surrounded by fibrillin

28
Q

How much stretch can elastic fiber withstand?

A

150% of resting length

29
Q

Where are elastic fibers found in the body?

A

skin, blood vessels, bladder wall, lung tissue

30
Q

What is Marfan’s syndrome?

A

A genetic disorder of faulty elastic fiber production so tissues high in elastic fiber are weak.
Can die from weakened aorta that can suddenly rupture.

31
Q

What are reticular fibers made from?

A

a single collagen molecule (type IV) collagen)

32
Q

What does reticular fiber do?

A

provides support and strength

33
Q

Where are reticular fibers found?

A

walls of blood vessels, around nerve fibers, skeletal and smooth muscle cells

34
Q

Reticular fibers form the stroma (framework) of which soft organs?

A

lymph nodes, spleen and liver

35
Q

What are the 3 types of mature CT?

A

Loose CT
Dense CT
Cartilage

36
Q

What are the 3 types of loose CT

A

Areolar CT
Adipose tissue
Reticular CT

37
Q

What is a widely distributed, filler type of CT?

A

Areolar CT

38
Q

What type of CT glues one type of tissue to another?

A

Areolar CT

39
Q

The subcutaneous layer or hypodermis is made up of what?

A

areolar tissue and adipose tissue

40
Q

What are the 2 types of adipose tissue?

A

white fat
brown fat

41
Q

Where is white fat found?

A

where ever areolar tissue is located

42
Q

What is the function of white fat?

A

protection, insulation, energy storage

43
Q

What does brown fat have?

A

A rich blood supply and numerous mitochondria

44
Q

Who is brown fat extremely important for and why?

A

Newborns need brown fat for heat production as they have very little muscle

45
Q

What type of CT forms part of the basement membrane?

A

Reticular CT

46
Q

What is a major characteristic of loose CT?

A

Loosely woven fibers with many cells

47
Q

What are 2 major characteristics of dense CT?

A

Thick, numerous and closely packed fibers
Fewer cells than loose CT

48
Q

What are the 3 types of dense CT

A

dense regular CT
dense irregular CT
elastic CT

49
Q

Collagen fibers regularly arranged in bundles is what type of CT?

A

dense regular CT

50
Q

Where is dense regular CT found?

A

tendons, ligaments and aponeuroses

51
Q

What kind of CT contains collagen fibers that have no regular arrangement?

A

dense irregular CT

52
Q

What kind of CT is found in places in the body where forces are exerted in multiple directions?

A

dense irregular CT

53
Q

What kind of CT usually occurs in sheets?

A

dense irregular CT

54
Q

Where is dense irregular CT typically found?

A

dermis of the skin
facia
perichondrium
periosteum
joint capsules
heart valves

55
Q

What kind of CT contains mostly freely branching elastic fibers?

A

elastic CT

56
Q

Where is elastic CT usually found?

A

lungs
walls of elastic arteries (aorta)

57
Q

Which type of CT can withstand the most stress?

A

cartilage

58
Q

What does cartilage consist of?

A

dense network of fibers
chondroitin sulfate

59
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

hyaline cartilage
fibrocartilage
elastic cartilage

60
Q

What is the most abundant type of cartilage?

A

hyaline cartilage

61
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

ends of long bones
costal cartilage
nose
larynx
trachea
bronchi
bronchial tubes
embryonic skeleton

62
Q

What is the strongest type of cartilage?

A

fribrocartilage

63
Q

What is the dense irregular CT covering the surface of cartilage?

A

perichondrium

64
Q

What is the function of fibrocartilage?

A

strength
rigidity
shock absorption

65
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A

pubic symphysis
intervertebral discs
minisci of the knees

66
Q

Does fibrocartilage have a perichondrium?

A

no

67
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A

epiglottis
external ear
auditory tubes

AP 1 (11 decks)

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