Bone Physiology - Quiz 1 Flashcards
What is osteology?
The study of bone structure and treatment of bone disorders.
What is bone tissue called?
osseous tissue
What are the functions of bone?
support
protection
assists in movement
mineral homeostasis
blood cell production
storage of triglycerides
What is a diaphysis?
shaft of a long bone
What is an epiphysis?
distal and proximal ends of long bones
What is a metaphysis?
the point of union between the diaphysis and epiphysis
What type of cartilage is articular cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage
What does the articular cartilage cover?
the epiphysis
What is the membrane around the outer surface of bone that is not covered by articular cartilage?
Periosteum
What are the functions of the periosteum?
protect underlying bone
essential for bone growth (thickness only)
fracture repair
supply nutrients to bone
attachment point for ligaments and tendons
attached to underlying bone matrix by perforating fibers of collagen
What are the two layers of the periosteum?
fibrous layer
osteogenic layer
What is the outer layer of the periosteum?
fibrous layer
What is the fibrous layer of the periosteum made of?
dense irregular CT
What is the inner layer of the periosteum?
osteogenic layer
What is the space inside the diaphysis?
medullary cavity
What is the endosteum?
lining of the medullary cavity
What makes up the matrix of bone tissue?
water, protein fibers, mineral salts
What is hydroxyapatite?
calcium
What are the cell types in bone?
osteogenic cells
osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclasts
Where is yellow bone marrow stored in adults?
Medullary cavity
Where are osteogenic cells found?
inner portion of the periosteum
endosteum
canals in bone that contain blood vessels
True or false: osteogenic cells can undergo mitosis and become osteoblasts
True
What cells form bone?
osteoblasts
True or false: osteoblasts can divide by mitosis.
False
What bone cells secrete a matrix around themselves?
osteoblasts
What are mature osteoblasts called?
osteocytes
True or false: osteocytes can divide by mitosis?
false
Where are osteoclasts located?
the endosteum
What is an important function of osteoclasts?
Bone reabsorption
bone development
growth
maintenance
repair
release of calcium ions into blood to maintain homeostasis
What are the primary mineral salts in bone?
hydroxyapatite and calcium corbonate
What do mineral salts provide to bone structure?
hardness
What does collagen provide to bone structure?
tensile strength
