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AP 1 > Bone Physiology - Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Bone Physiology - Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is osteology?

A

The study of bone structure and treatment of bone disorders.

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2
Q

What is bone tissue called?

A

osseous tissue

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3
Q

What are the functions of bone?

A

support
protection
assists in movement
mineral homeostasis
blood cell production
storage of triglycerides

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4
Q

What is a diaphysis?

A

shaft of a long bone

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5
Q

What is an epiphysis?

A

distal and proximal ends of long bones

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6
Q

What is a metaphysis?

A

the point of union between the diaphysis and epiphysis

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7
Q

What type of cartilage is articular cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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8
Q

What does the articular cartilage cover?

A

the epiphysis

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9
Q

What is the membrane around the outer surface of bone that is not covered by articular cartilage?

A

Periosteum

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10
Q

What are the functions of the periosteum?

A

protect underlying bone
essential for bone growth (thickness only)
fracture repair
supply nutrients to bone
attachment point for ligaments and tendons
attached to underlying bone matrix by perforating fibers of collagen

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11
Q

What are the two layers of the periosteum?

A

fibrous layer
osteogenic layer

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12
Q

What is the outer layer of the periosteum?

A

fibrous layer

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13
Q

What is the fibrous layer of the periosteum made of?

A

dense irregular CT

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14
Q

What is the inner layer of the periosteum?

A

osteogenic layer

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15
Q

What is the space inside the diaphysis?

A

medullary cavity

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16
Q

What is the endosteum?

A

lining of the medullary cavity

17
Q

What makes up the matrix of bone tissue?

A

water, protein fibers, mineral salts

18
Q

What is hydroxyapatite?

A

calcium

19
Q

What are the cell types in bone?

A

osteogenic cells
osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclasts

20
Q

Where is yellow bone marrow stored in adults?

A

Medullary cavity

21
Q

Where are osteogenic cells found?

A

inner portion of the periosteum
endosteum
canals in bone that contain blood vessels

22
Q

True or false: osteogenic cells can undergo mitosis and become osteoblasts

A

True

23
Q

What cells form bone?

A

osteoblasts

24
Q

True or false: osteoblasts can divide by mitosis.

A

False

25
Q

What bone cells secrete a matrix around themselves?

A

osteoblasts

26
Q

What are mature osteoblasts called?

A

osteocytes

27
Q

True or false: osteocytes can divide by mitosis?

A

false

28
Q

Where are osteoclasts located?

A

the endosteum

29
Q

What is an important function of osteoclasts?

A

Bone reabsorption
bone development
growth
maintenance
repair
release of calcium ions into blood to maintain homeostasis

30
Q

What are the primary mineral salts in bone?

A

hydroxyapatite and calcium corbonate

31
Q

What do mineral salts provide to bone structure?

A

hardness

32
Q

What does collagen provide to bone structure?

A

tensile strength

AP 1 (11 decks)

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