Cell Structure (Quiz 5)

Question 1

What is cell physiology?

Answer 1

The study of the function of the cell

Question 2

What are the function of cells?

Answer 2

1. Regulation of transport of substances across their surface.
2. transportation of substances between cells.
3. production of proteins dictated by genes.
4. cellular respiration and formation of ATP.
5. other anabolic and catabolic reactions.
6. waste removal
7. movement of cells or parts of the cell.

Question 3

What are the three main components of the cell?

Answer 3

1. plasma membrane or cell membrane.
   2.cytoplasm
2. nucleus

Question 4

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 4

cytosol and organelles

Question 5

What is cytosol?

Answer 5

thick, semi-fluid portion of the cytoplasm which includes soluble proteins and enzymes, nutrients, ions and other small molecules.

Question 6

What are organelles?

Answer 6

Highly organized structures suspended in the cytosol specialized for certain cellular activities.

Question 7

What are the two categories of cell membrane proteins?

Answer 7

Integral proteins and peripheral proteins.

Question 8

What is the difference between integral and peripheral proteins?

Answer 8

integral proteins are embedded in the membrane and may span both lipid layers, peripheral proteins are on the inner or outer surface of the membrane attached to integral proteins.

Question 9

What are the 6 membrane protein functions?

Answer 9

1. channels
2. transporters/carriers
3. receptors
4. enzymes
5. linker
6. cell identity markers

Question 10

substances moving from an area of higher ion or molecular concentration to an area of lower concentration is known as what?

Answer 10

concentration gradient.

Question 11

what are the three major criteria for membrane transport?

Answer 11

1. energy requirement
2. requirement of transport proteins
3. vesicular transport

Question 12

what are examples of membrane transport mechanisms?

Answer 12

1.passive transport mechanisms
2.active transport mechanisms.
3. phagocytosis (endocytosis)
4. exocytosis
5. transcytosis

Question 13

What are passive transport mechanisms?

Answer 13

osmosis
diffusion
facilitated diffusion

Question 14

When does facilitated diffusion occur?

Answer 14

When a solute binds to a specific transporter on one side of the membrane and is released on the other.

Question 15

what is active transport?

Answer 15

an energy requiring process to moves solutes against the concentration gradient.

Question 16

what is an example of active transport

Answer 16

Na+/K+ pump requires ATP.

Question 17

What increases diffusion rates?

Answer 17

if concentration on either side is high
temperature is higher
molecules are small
surface area for diffusion is large
site of diffusion is thin
non-polar, hydrophobic molecules diffuse through lipid bilayer.

Question 18

what is phagocytosis?

Answer 18

a type of active transport involving vesicular transport.

Question 19

what is exocytosis?

Answer 19

export of substances from secretory vesicles to the outside of the cell.

Question 20

what is transcytosis and give an example.

Answer 20

movement through a cell using vesicles.
antibodies crossing the placenta from Mom to baby.

Question 21

What is cytosol also known as?

Answer 21

intracellular fluid

Question 22

what microfilaments are responsible for muscle contraction?

Answer 22

actin and myosin

Question 23

where are ribosomes produced?

Answer 23

in the nucleolus of the nucleus.

Question 24

what is the purpose of the Golgi Complex?

Answer 24

it’s the receiving, packaging and distribution centre of the cell for proteins and lipids destined for the plasma membrane, lysosomes or secretory vesicles.

Question 25

what are lysosomes?

Answer 25

the intracellular digestive system. Hydrolytic enzymes.

Question 26

what are mitochondria?

Answer 26

Sites of aerobic cellular respiration.

Question 27

what is aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 27

the process whereby cells generate ATP as an energy source from the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen.

Question 28

why can mitochondria replicate independent of the nucleus?

Answer 28

they possess their own DNA

Question 29

what is the control centre of the cell?

Answer 29

the nucleus.