Building Blocks (Quiz 4)

Question 1

What are examples of carbohydrates?

Answer 1

sugars, starch, glycogen, and cellulose

Question 2

What are carbohydrates composed of?

Answer 2

hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon. Usually in a 2:1:1 ratio.

Question 3

The monomers of sugars are called what?

Answer 3

monosaccharides

Question 4

What are the three main monosaccharides?

Answer 4

glucose, fructose, galactose,

Question 5

Lactose is made up of which 2 monosaccharides?

Answer 5

glucose and galactose

Question 6

Sucrose is made up of which 2 monosaccharides?

Answer 6

glucose and fructose

Question 7

Maltose is made up of which 2 monosaccharides?

Answer 7

glucose and glucose

Question 8

What are large carbohydrate polymers called?

Answer 8

polysaccharides

Question 9

How are polysaccharides formed?

Answer 9

dehydration synthesis

Question 10

What are the storage forms of polysaccharides?

Answer 10

starch (plants), glycogen (animals), or cellulose (plant cell wall AKA fiber)

Question 11

In what form do humans store carbohydrates?

Answer 11

glycogen

Question 12

Where is glycogen stored?

Answer 12

The liver or skeletal muscles.

Question 13

What monosaccharide is found in blood plasma?

Answer 13

Glucose

Question 14

Lipids contain what elements?

Answer 14

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 15

Are lipids hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 15

hydrophobic

Question 16

What are examples of lipids

Answer 16

triglycerides (fats and oils), phospholipids (membranes), steroids and cholesterol (found in rings), eicosanoids (hormones), fatty acids, fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K), lipoproteins

Question 17

Triglycerides are composed of what monomers?

Answer 17

glycerol (1) and fatty acids (3)

Question 18

How much energy does 1 gram of fat provide compared to 1 gram of carbohydrate?

Answer 18

9 Kcal/gram for fat and 4 Kcal/gram for carbohydrate

Question 19

How are excess carbohydrates, proteins, fats and oils stored?

Answer 19

As triglycerides in fatty tissue.

Question 20

What are diets high in saturated fats thought to contribute to?

Answer 20

Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis/arteriosclerosis)

Question 21

Unsaturated refers to what?

Answer 21

incomplete saturation of carbons with hydrogen.

Question 22

What does amphipathic mean?

Answer 22

a phospholipid with a polar and a non-polar end.

Question 23

What are two common lipoproteins

Answer 23

LDL (low density lipoproteins) and HDL (high density lipoproteins)

Question 24

What elements are in proteins?

Answer 24

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

Question 25

What are the functions of proteins?

Answer 25

structural support, regulatory (hormones and neurotransmitters), contractile (myofilaments), immunological, transport, catalytic

Question 26

the monomers of protein are called what?

Answer 26

Amino acids

Question 27

An amino acid consists of what?

Answer 27

amino group containing nitrogen, carboxyl group, variable side chain which differs between amino acids.

Question 28

amino acids linked through dehydration synthesis form what kind of bond?

Answer 28

peptide bond

Question 29

2 amino acids joined is a

Answer 29

dipeptide

Question 30

How are peptide bonds broken?

Answer 30

Hydrolysis

Question 31

11 or more amino acids joined form what?

Answer 31

Polypeptide

Question 32

What is the function of a protein usually based on?

Answer 32

Its ability to recognize and bind to other molecules.

Question 33

Enzymes have which suffix?

Answer 33

-ase

Question 34

Nucleic acids contain what elements?

Answer 34

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus

Question 35

What are the 2 types of nucleic acid polymers?

Answer 35

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 36

Nucleotides contain what 3 parts?

Answer 36

nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate group

Question 37

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 37

adenosine triphosphate