Chapter 5 - Integumentary System

Question 1

The integumentary system consists of what?

Answer 1

skin and derivatives such as hair, glands, sensory structures, nails

Question 2

What is the largest organ in the body by surface area and weight?

Answer 2

the skin

Question 3

How big is our skin?

Answer 3

approximately 2 square meters and 4.5 to 6.5 kg

Question 4

What are the functions of the skin?

Answer 4

thermoregulation
protection
cutaneous sensations
excretion and absorption
synthesis of vitamin D
immunity

Question 5

How does thermoregulation occur?

Answer 5

negative feedback to maintain temperature using vasodilation/constriction of dermal blood vessels, and more or less sweat.

Question 6

What are the 2 major parts of skin?

Answer 6

epidermis
dermis

Question 7

What kind of tissue makes up the epidermis?

Answer 7

avascular, keritinized, stratified, squamous epithelial tissue.

Question 8

The epidermis is 90% what type of cell?

Answer 8

keratinocytes

Question 9

The epidermis is 8% what type of cell?

Answer 9

melanocytes

Question 10

What are the 4 types of cells that make up the epidermis?

Answer 10

keratinocytes
melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells

Question 11

What are the layers of the epidermis?

Answer 11

stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum

Question 12

In what layer to cells begin to undergo apoptosis?

Answer 12

stratum granulosum

Question 13

Which layer is only found in the skin of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet?

Answer 13

stratum lucidum

Question 14

What are the two types of skin?

Answer 14

thin skin
thick skin

Question 15

What type of skin has hair and sebaceous glands?

Answer 15

thin skin

Question 16

What type of skin is found on the soles of the feet and palms of the hands?

Answer 16

Thick skin

Question 17

Does thin skin have a stratum lucidum?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

Which type of skin has more sensory receptors?

Answer 18

Thick skin

Question 19

How long does keratinization take?

Answer 19

approximately 4 weeks

Question 20

What is psoriasis?

Answer 20

An autoimmune skin condition in which keratinization is accelerated to 7 to 10 days.

Question 21

What happens to keratin formed too quickly?

Answer 21

it is abnormal, and forms silvery, flaky scales on knees, elbows and the scalp.

Question 22

What is the dermis composed of?

Answer 22

connective tissue
blood vessels
nerves
sensory structures
glands
hair follicles

Question 23

How many regions are in the dermis?

Answer 23

2 regions

Question 24

What are the regions of the dermis called?

Answer 24

papillary region
reticular region

Question 25

Which of the 2 dermis regions is superficial?

Answer 25

papillary region

Question 26

The papillary region is approximately how much of the thickness of the dermis?

Answer 26

1/5

Question 27

What type of CT makes up the papillary region?

Answer 27

areolar CT

Question 28

What type of CT makes up the reticular region?

Answer 28

dense, irregular CT

Question 29

In which region of the dermis are free nerve ending that are sensitive to pain, itch, tickle, heat and cold?

Answer 29

papillary region

Question 30

The reticular region has what depth of the dermis?

Answer 30

4/5

Question 31

Hair follicles, nerves, sebaceous glands and sweat glands are in which region of the dermis?

Answer 31

reticular region

Question 32

What is fibrosis?

Answer 32

the formation of scar tissue

Question 33

What type of scar is slightly raised above the original wound?

Answer 33

hypertrophic scars

Question 34

What type of scar extends well beyond the boundaries of the original wound?

Answer 34

keloid scars

Question 35

What are three things that pigment the skin?

Answer 35

melanin carotene hemoglobin

Question 36

What is albinism?

Answer 36

a recessive disorder where people can't synthesize tyrosinase and have no pigment in their hair, skin or eyes.

Question 37

What is vitiligo?

Answer 37

an autoimmune disorder where melanocytes are missing from patches of skin which turns white.

Question 38

Which pigment is a yellowish orange?

Answer 38

Carotene

Question 39

How does hemoglobin pigment skin?

Answer 39

Caucasians have translucent epidermis so skin may look red, pink, or blue

Question 40

What are epidermal ridges?

Answer 40

fingerprints

Question 41

What forms fingerprints?

Answer 41

the epidermis conforming to the underlying dermal papillae

Question 42

What kind of sensations does skin have receptors to detect?

Answer 42

touch vibration pressure temperature tickling itch pain

Question 43

Rickets and osteomalacia are disorders of what?

Answer 43

Vitamin D deficiency

Question 44

What do lamellated corpuscles do?

Answer 44

detect pressure