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AP 1 > Chapter 5 - Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

The integumentary system consists of what?

A

skin and derivatives such as hair, glands, sensory structures, nails

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2
Q

What is the largest organ in the body by surface area and weight?

A

the skin

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3
Q

How big is our skin?

A

approximately 2 square meters and 4.5 to 6.5 kg

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4
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A

thermoregulation
protection
cutaneous sensations
excretion and absorption
synthesis of vitamin D
immunity

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5
Q

How does thermoregulation occur?

A

negative feedback to maintain temperature using vasodilation/constriction of dermal blood vessels, and more or less sweat.

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6
Q

What are the 2 major parts of skin?

A

epidermis
dermis

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7
Q

What kind of tissue makes up the epidermis?

A

avascular, keritinized, stratified, squamous epithelial tissue.

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8
Q

The epidermis is 90% what type of cell?

A

keratinocytes

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9
Q

The epidermis is 8% what type of cell?

A

melanocytes

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10
Q

What are the 4 types of cells that make up the epidermis?

A

keratinocytes
melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells

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11
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis?

A

stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum

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12
Q

In what layer to cells begin to undergo apoptosis?

A

stratum granulosum

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13
Q

Which layer is only found in the skin of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet?

A

stratum lucidum

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14
Q

What are the two types of skin?

A

thin skin
thick skin

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15
Q

What type of skin has hair and sebaceous glands?

A

thin skin

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16
Q

What type of skin is found on the soles of the feet and palms of the hands?

A

Thick skin

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17
Q

Does thin skin have a stratum lucidum?

A

No

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18
Q

Which type of skin has more sensory receptors?

A

Thick skin

19
Q

How long does keratinization take?

A

approximately 4 weeks

20
Q

What is psoriasis?

A

An autoimmune skin condition in which keratinization is accelerated to 7 to 10 days.

21
Q

What happens to keratin formed too quickly?

A

it is abnormal, and forms silvery, flaky scales on knees, elbows and the scalp.

22
Q

What is the dermis composed of?

A

connective tissue
blood vessels
nerves
sensory structures
glands
hair follicles

23
Q

How many regions are in the dermis?

A

2 regions

24
Q

What are the regions of the dermis called?

A

papillary region
reticular region

25
Q

Which of the 2 dermis regions is superficial?

A

papillary region

26
Q

The papillary region is approximately how much of the thickness of the dermis?

A

1/5

27
Q

What type of CT makes up the papillary region?

A

areolar CT

28
Q

What type of CT makes up the reticular region?

A

dense, irregular CT

29
Q

In which region of the dermis are free nerve ending that are sensitive to pain, itch, tickle, heat and cold?

A

papillary region

30
Q

The reticular region has what depth of the dermis?

A

4/5

31
Q

Hair follicles, nerves, sebaceous glands and sweat glands are in which region of the dermis?

A

reticular region

32
Q

What is fibrosis?

A

the formation of scar tissue

33
Q

What type of scar is slightly raised above the original wound?

A

hypertrophic scars

34
Q

What type of scar extends well beyond the boundaries of the original wound?

A

keloid scars

35
Q

What are three things that pigment the skin?

A

melanin
carotene
hemoglobin

36
Q

What is albinism?

A

a recessive disorder where people can’t synthesize tyrosinase and have no pigment in their hair, skin or eyes.

37
Q

What is vitiligo?

A

an autoimmune disorder where melanocytes are missing from patches of skin which turns white.

38
Q

Which pigment is a yellowish orange?

A

Carotene

39
Q

How does hemoglobin pigment skin?

A

Caucasians have translucent epidermis so skin may look red, pink, or blue

40
Q

What are epidermal ridges?

A

fingerprints

41
Q

What forms fingerprints?

A

the epidermis conforming to the underlying dermal papillae

42
Q

What kind of sensations does skin have receptors to detect?

A

touch
vibration
pressure
temperature
tickling
itch
pain

43
Q

Rickets and osteomalacia are disorders of what?

A

Vitamin D deficiency

44
Q

What do lamellated corpuscles do?

A

detect pressure

AP 1 (11 decks)

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