Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology > Epidemiology > Flashcards

Epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

symptoms of cholera

A

profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, leg cramps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

father of epidemiology

A

john snow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Developed delivery system for ether; first anesthesiologist in England

A

john snow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

treated queen victoria with chloroform during delivery of 8th child

A

john snow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

epidemiology

A

the study of the causes, distribution, and transmission of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

disease

A

an abnormal state in which the body is not functioning properly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

infection

A

colonization of the body by pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

communicable disease

A

a disease that is spread from one host to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

contagious disease

A

a disease that is easily spread from one host to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

examples of contagious disease

A

measles, chicken pox, influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

noncommunicable disease

A

a disease that is not transmitted from one host to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ex of noncommunicable disease

A

tetanus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

etiology

A

study of the cause of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Koch’s postulates

A

criteria developed by Robert Koch to establish a specific microbial cause for a given disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 diseases Koch identified

A

B. anthracis, M. tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

1st of Koch’s postulates

A
  1. the same pathogen must be present in every case of the disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

2nd of Koch’s postulates

A
  1. the pathogen must be isolated from the diseased host and grown in pure culture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3rd of Koch’s postulates

A
  1. The pathogen from the pure culture must cause the disease when it is inoculated into a healthy, susceptible laboratory animal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

4th of Koch’s postulates

A
  1. the pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal and must be shown to be the original organism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

4 exceptions to Koch’s postulates

A
  1. some pathogens cannot be cultured
  2. some can cause several disease conditions
  3. some symptoms can be from different pathogens
  4. some only cause disease in humans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

An ex of a pathogen that cannot be cultured

A

M. leprae (leprosy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

An ex of pathogens that cause several disease conditions

A

S. pyrogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

An ex of symptoms from multiple pathogens

A

pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

2 disease that only cause disease in humans

A

small pox; HIV/AIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
3 Modes of Transmission
1. Contact (touching/kissing) 2. Vehicle (infected water) 3. Vector (mosquitoes)
26
Direct Contact
require close association between infected and susceptible host
27
Indirect Contact
spread by fomites (ex: tissues, used needles, money)
28
Droplet contact
transmission via airborne droplets (sneeze)
29
How many bacteria were found on $1 bills?
Over 3,000; most common one caused acne; also found bacterial species linked to gastric ulcers, pneumonia, food poisoning, staph infections, and diphtheria; Ab resistant strains also found on money
30
Droplets from a sneeze travel _x to ____x further than previously thought; about _-_ m more.
5x-200x; 4-5m
31
Vehicle transmission Water
untreated or contaminated water
32
Vehicle transmission Food
incompletely cook or improperly refrigerated food
33
Vehicle Transmission Air
airborne droplets, dust particles, spores that can travel by air
34
mechanical transmission
arthropod carries pathogen on feet (fly -> food)
35
biological transmission
pathogen reproduces in vector (malaria)
36
2 Things that dictate how long a pathogen can survive outside of the normal host/growth environment:
1. Pathogen (endospores? mycobacteria? enveloped vs nonenveloped virus?) 2. Environmental conditions (porous vs nonporous surface; temp; humidity; light (UV); density of pathogen)
37
How long can most bacteria/viruses live on a surface in general?
24-48 hours
38
Endospores can survive (8)
dessication, heat, cold, extreme pH, pressure, radiation, chemicals, time
39
Healthcare Acquired Infections (HAIs)
Infections acquired at a healthcare facility while receiving treatment for other conditions (AKA Nosocomial Infections)
40
What makes the healthcare such a good place to get an HAI?
microorganisms in hospital environment, compromised host, and chain of transmission
41
Incidence
fraction of a population that NEWLY CONTRACTS a disease during a specific time
42
Incident Rate #
new cases per population unit during a specific time
43
What does incidence rate measure?
risk of getting a disease
44
Prevalence
fraction of a population that HAS a specific disease at a given time
45
What does prevalence measure?
the burden of the disease
46
morbidity
incidence of a specific notifiable disease
47
mortality
deaths from notifiable diseases
48
morbidity rate
number of people affected in relation to the total population in a given time period
49
mortality rate
number of deaths from a disease in relation to the population in a given time
50
The 2 most common causes of HAIs are:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridium difficile (C. diff)
51
Zoonosis
any disease or infection that is naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans or vice versa
52
Zoonoses
can be caused by all types of pathogens: bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses
53
Food-related diseases affect ________________ of people. It kills _________. It causes more than$__ billion in health care-related costs each year.
tens of millions; thousands; 9
54
_________, over ____ million people lack access to healthy _____. In the United States, there are ______ of cases of _________ illness each year.
Globally; 900; water; millions; waterborne
55
Causative agent of cholera:
Vibrio cholerae
56
What type of bacteria is Vibrio cholerae?
gram negative
57
How does it work?
produces cholera toxin (AB exotoxin) that causes host cells to secrete electrolytes & water
58
Reservoir for cholera?
humans
59
Mode of transmission for cholera?
vehicle: contaminated water
60
Treatment for cholera?
Rehydration and doxycycline
61
Prevention of cholera?
clean water
62
What random item helps filter water in lower-income countries?
Saris
63
Cholera bacteria form ________ and are associated with ____________.
biofilms; copepods

Microbiology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions