enzymes Flashcards
to learn about enzymes
whats an enzyme inhibitor
are molecules which can block the active site on an enzyme preventing the substance from entering this will slow a reaction down
are inhibitors broken down
no they are not broken down
why do enzyme inhibitors fit into active site
because it is similar to a substrate molecule
what can the rate of on enzyme controlled be affected by
temp, pH, enzyme concentration
at low temperatures is the rate slow or fast for enzymes and why
slow because the molecules have little energy not many collisions between the enzyme and substrate
when the temperatures increase what does the reaction do and what temperature go up to
the reaction increases and goes to its optimum (best) temperature
what happens when a enzyme is above the optimum temperature
the enzymes become denatured
when a enzyme becomes denatured what happens to its active site
its active site changes shape and no longer fits the substrate
whats the optimum temperature for human enzymes
37 degress
do enzymes have a optimum pH value that they work best with
yes
if the enzymes concentration increases what happens
the rate of reaction increases as there are more collisions between enzymes and substrate molecules
if the enzyme concentration increases further what happens
the rate of reaction levels off as there are not enough substrate molecules to react with
what do enzymes digest aka break down
large insoluble food molecules into smaller molecules so they can be absorbed into the bloodstream
what are enzymes used for in daily tasks
for biological washing powder to break down food stains
what are enzymes
biological catalysts made up of protein they speed up reactions without being used up themselves
what are the 3 types of enzymes
amylase, protease and lipase
whats amylase break down and what into
it breaks down starch into glucose
whats protease break down and what into
it breaks down protein into amino acids
whats lipase break down and what into
it breaks down lipase into fatty acids and glycerol
what substance does a enzyme act on
substrate
when the enzyme and substrate fit together what is it called
lock and key
what is the part of the enzyme that fits into the substrate called
the active site
describe the lock and key model of enzyme action
The substrate fits perfectly into the enzyme’s active site, like a key into a lock.
This forms an enzyme-substrate complex.
The reaction happens, turning the substrate into products.
The products are released, and the enzyme is ready to be used again.
whats the lock
enzyme
whats the key
substrate
whats active site
The part of the enzyme where the substrate fits.
Give two factors that affect the rate of enzyme activity
ph
temperature
enzyme concentration
look over the lock and key model
look
what does low temperature cause to the rates of enzymes
causes reduced rates of collision between substrate and enzymes
describe denaturation
there increasingly at levels above the optimum there a irrevesible change to the shape of the active site that stops enzyme actiomn
what are inhibitors ccea
are molecules that fit into active site but arnt broken down
