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Biology > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the order of the digestive system

A
  • salivary gland
  • oesophagus
  • stomach
  • liver
  • gall bladder
  • pancreas
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
  • anus
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2
Q

what is the function of te salivary glands

A

produce saliva to lubricate food and break down startch with amylase

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3
Q

what is the function of the stomach

A
  • produce protease (proteins -> amino acids)
  • produce hdrochloric acid
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4
Q

why does the stomach produce hydrochloric acid

A
  • create optimum pH for the protease enzymes
  • kill ingested pathogens
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5
Q

what are the main organs where food is digested

A
  • stomach
  • small intestine
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6
Q

what is physical digestion

A

food broken down physically by chewing or grinding in mounth or chruning in the stomach

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7
Q

what is chemical digestion

A

food broken down chemically by enzymes with the help of bile in the case of fats

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8
Q

what are the three enzymes produced by the pancrease

A
  • carbohydrase
  • protease
  • lipase
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9
Q

where are carbohydrases produced

A
  • small intestine
  • pancreas
  • salivary glands
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10
Q

where are lipases produced

A
  • small intestine
  • pancreas
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11
Q

where are proteases produced

A
  • small intestine
  • pancrease
  • stomach
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12
Q

what do proteases break down

A

proteins

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13
Q

whta do lipases break down

A

lipids

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14
Q

what are the products forms from the break down of carbohydrates by carbohydrase

A

simple sugars

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15
Q

what are the products forms from the break down of lipids by lipases

A

3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol

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16
Q

what are the products forms from the break down of proteins by proteases

A

shorter protein chains and amino acidss

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17
Q

what are the two types of metabolism

A
  • anabolism
  • catabolism
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18
Q

define metabolism

A

the sum total of all the chemical reactions that are occuring in a cell or the body

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19
Q

what is anabolism

A

reactions which build up larger molecules from smaller molecules

20
Q

what is catabolism

A

reactions which break down larger molecules into smaller molecules

21
Q

how are metabolic reactions sped up

A

by enzymes

22
Q

in anabolic metabolism is a energy input required

A

yes

23
Q

in catabolic metabolism is an energy input required

A

not usually

24
Q

in anabolic metabolism is energy released from the reaction

A

no

25
Q

in catabolic metabolism is energy released from the reactions

A

yes

26
Q

give three examples of a anabolic metabolism reaction

A
  • glucose + nitrate ions -> amino acids
  • many glucose molecules together -> cellulose or startch (in plants) or glycogen (in animals)
  • 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids -> 1 lipid
27
Q

give three examples of a catabolic metabolism reaction

A
  • proteins -> amino acids
  • amino acids -> urea
  • startch / cellulsoe / glycogen -> glucose
28
Q

are proteins an example of a polymer

A

yes

29
Q

what is a polymer

A

a large molecule

30
Q

what is a catalyst

A

something which speeds up a reaction without being used up

31
Q

how do enzymes work

A

the substrate of the reactios to be catalysed fits into the active site of the enzyme - they bind together

32
Q

what are reactions affected by

A
  • concerntration
  • temperature
  • surface area
33
Q

are enzymes biological catalysts

A

yes

34
Q

what is an enzyme

A

a specialised protein molecule with coil up inthe 3D shapes

35
Q

exaplain a substrate

A
  • each enzyme allows one specific substrate tp bind to the active site
  • it has to be complementary
36
Q

why does temperature effect enzyme action

A
  • slows rate of reaction
  • enzyme denatures = active site shape is lost
37
Q

why does pH effect enzyme actions

A
  • denatured = active site chages shape
38
Q

how do you calculate rate of reactions

A

1000 / time

39
Q

what solution is used to test for sugar

A

benedict’s solution

40
Q

what solution is used to test for startch

A

iodine solution

41
Q

what solution is used to test for proteins

A

biuret solution

42
Q

what solution is used to test for lipids

A

Sudan III solution

43
Q

what is the colour change for sugar

A

blue to brick red

44
Q

what is the colour change for startch

A

orange-brown to blue-black

45
Q

what is the colour change for proteins

A

blue to purple

46
Q

what colour change happenes for lipids

A

a red layer will form on the top of the solution

Biology (18 decks)

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