Environmental Toxicology

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

Study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and the environment

Question 2

Toxicology

Answer 2

Study of biological effects

Question 3

Environmental toxicology

Answer 3

Study of adverse effects kg chemical on Physical agents on living organisms

Question 4

Variable environments

Answer 4

Water
Air
Soil

Question 5

What is the book silent spring

Answer 5

A book which brought environmental concern to the public

Detrimental effects of pesticides on the environment

Question 6

Cuyahoga river

Answer 6

Caught fire because it was so polluted

Question 7

Protective legislation of environment

Answer 7

Federal food drug and cosmetic

Toxic substances control act

Federal insecticide fungicide and rodenticide act

Comprehensive environmental response , compensation, liability act

Clean water act

Clean air fact

Question 8

Ghana environmental legislative protection

Answer 8

The environmental protection agency act

Friends of rivers and water bodies an environmental NGO

Anas aremeyaw anas and galamsey

Media galamsey and environmental degradation

Question 9

Areas interacting with environmental toxicology

Answer 9

Scientific community

Governmental agency

Industry

General public

Question 10

Scientific community

Answer 10

Intellectual force driving environmental research

Financed by government

Question 11

Governmental agencies function

Answer 11

Developers and enforcers of policy

Question 12

Industry function

Answer 12

Have to follow regulations

Test for toxicity, levels of chemicals , design treatment system

Question 13

Short term modeling of ecosystem

Answer 13

Model of specific of system

Model makes predictions that can be tested in field or laboratory

Question 14

Static models of environment assessment

Answer 14

Strategic models

Testable models

Question 15

Purpose of environmental toxicology

Answer 15

Identify mode and site of action of xenobiotic

Fate and transport and interaction of xenobiotic with biosphere after release

Identify effect of xenobiotic on ecosystem and higher level organisation

Question 16

Measuring effect xenobiotic

Answer 16

Quantitative structure activity relationship

Question 17

Fate of biotic in environment

Answer 17

Bioaccumulation (storage of compound in fatty tissue)

Biotransformation (metabolic process , mostly by environmental bacteria, alter structure and toxicity of compound)

Biodegradation (breakdown of xenobiotic to CO2 and water)

Question 18

Environmental health

Answer 18

Factors of the environment that Influence human health and quality of life

Prevents adverse effects and human health and ecological systems

Question 19

Types of environmental health hazards

Answer 19

Physical hazards - floods results read done UV exposure

Chemical hazards -disinfectants pesticides

Biological hazards- viruses bacterial infections

Cultural or lifestyle hazards - Drinking smoking but they at crime in neighborhood

Question 20

Infectious disease

Answer 20

Communicable or transmissible disease where a pathogen attacks a host either directly or through Vector and the pathogen is transmitted from one host to another

Question 21

Toxicology

Answer 21

Study of poisonous substances and their effects on human and other organisms

Question 22

Type of Toxicants

Answer 22

Carcinogens 
mutagens 
teratogens 
Allergens 
neurotoxins 
endocrine disruptor’s

Question 23

How to endocrine disruptor’s work

Answer 23

Some chemicals can mimic the action of Hormones by binding to their receptors and causing an inappropriate response

Question 24

Atrazine on frogs

Answer 24

Has a reproductive abnormality effect and frogs which is thought to also happen in human

Question 25

Men sperm count over 50 years

Answer 25

Has decreased

Question 26

One hypothesis of the cause of testicular cancer

Answer 26

Endocrine disruptors

Question 27

Some routes of traveling of synthetic chemicals

Answer 27

To home by consumption

To work by workplace products

To medical facilities by medicine and materials

To agriculture by pesticides and fertilizers which then get into food

By waste which can get into the soil the water or the air. Then transmitted to humans by drinking water by breathing the air and by hunting and haversting other animals

Question 28

Example of some persistent chemicals

Answer 28

DDT

PCB

Question 29

Factors affecting the rate of degradation of chemicals

Answer 29

Temperature
Moisture
Sun exposure

Question 30

What type of chemical can accumulate in the body

Answer 30

Fat soluble chemicals

Question 31

Biomagnification

Answer 31

At each trophic level chemical concentration increases

Question 32

Can toxicant be natural

Answer 32

Yes

Question 33

Study of effects of hazard

Answer 33

Wildlife toxicology studies

Human epidemiological studies

dose respond studies in the lab

Question 34

Human studies rely on

Answer 34

Case history of individual patient

epidemiological studies which are long-term large scale in different group of people

ianimal testing

Question 35

Disadvantages of Epidemiology of the studies

Answer 35

Only proves correlation and not causation

takes long

Question 36

Dose response analysis

Answer 36

Toxicity of substance by measuring response to different doses

Uses animal models like rats and mice

Question 37

LD 50

Answer 37

Dose lethal to 50% of test animals

Question 38

Risk

Answer 38

Mathematical probability that some harmful outcome results from given action event or substance

Question 39

Agency in charge of monitoring and introducing pesticides and other chemicals in the markets

Answer 39

EPA environmental protection agency

Question 40

Stockholm convention

Answer 40

International treaty to phase out 12% organic pollutants the dirty dozen