Cell Injury Flashcards
Type of mechanism of cell injury
ATP Depletion
Mitochondrial damage
Influx of calcium
Free radicals
How does ATP decrease leads to lipid deposition in cells
Decrease protein synthesis because detachment of ribosomes leading to impairment of lipids export and thus increase of lipid deposition
How does ATP depletion leads to clumping of chromatin
ATP depletion leads to body relying on anaerobic glycolysis who’s leads to low pH causing the clumping
How does atp depletion leads to swelling
Na pump is decreased so influx of calcium and sodium increased. Water gets in causing swelling
Causes of mitochondrial damage
hypoxia Lipid damage Cytosolic ca2+ Toxins Oxidative stres
What enzyme does calcium influx act on
Phospholipase
Protease
Endonucleasw
Atpases
Radical scavenging enzymes
Catalase
Superoxide dismutase
Glutathione peroxidase
Defense against free radicals
Spontaneous decay
Proteins biding to metals preventing their activations
Antioxidants like vitamins ( E C A GSH)
Enzyme scavenging action
Effect of free radicals
Membrane damage due to lipid peroxidation
Oxidative modification of proteins leading to defect in enzyme etc
DNA lesions
Consequence of mitochondrial damage
Decreased ATP
Release of Cyt c which leads to apoptosis
Organelle dysfunction and failure due to membrane damage ( mitochondrial permeability transition pore)
What can free radicals damage
Damage lipids
Damage proteins
Damage nucleic acids
Free radicals formation
Radiant energy absorption Metabolism of exogenous compound Normal metabolic oxidation reduction Transition metals Nitric oxide
Iron transporter
DMT1 and ferroportin
Copper transporter
Albumin
Ceruloplasmin
Enzyme scavenging of free radicals
Catalase like xanthine oxidase
Glutathione oxidase during mitochondrial respiration
Superoxide dismutase in peroxisomes
