Edema Flashcards
Edema definition
Accumulation of fluid in tissue
Anasarca / dropsy
Severe generalized edema with profound subcutaneous tissue swelling
Clinical presentation of edema
Diffuse swelling
Clinical presentation of subcutaneous edema
Pitting of affected area
Forces acting on fluid movement in capillaries
Hydrostatic pressure (water out)
Oncotic pressure / osmotic pressure of plasma protein( water in)
Extra vascular proteins osmotic pressure
Causes of edema
Excessive leakage of fluid from blood vessels
Impaired réabsorption of fluid from tissues
2 types of edema
Inflammatory
Non inflammatory
Types of non inflammatory edema
Venous
Hypoalbuminaemic
Lymph obstruction
Sodium rentention
Venous edema explained
Increased intravenous hydrostatic pressure ( due to heart failure, venous obstruction by thrombosis , arteriolar dilatation when excessive heat)
More fluids comes out that it gets in
Parts of body mostly affected by venous edema
Dépendant parts of body
Feet
Ankles
Legs
Hypoalbuminaemic edema explained
Less albumin in blood ( protein malnutrition, liver failure with decrease synthesis , nephrotic syndrome with increased excretion) protein losing enteropathy)
Reduced oncotic pressure
Less water réabsorbed
So edema
Lymphatic edema explained
Obstruction of lympathic channels ( filariasis parasites, neoplasia, surgery complication of removal of lymph nodes, post irradiation fibrosis)
Fluid trapped in tissues
Sodium retention edema explained
Sodium retention in tissue drives fluid into tissue causing edema
Causes of sodium retention
- excessive salt intake with kidney insufficiency
-
Pulmonary edema consequences
Effective lung volume reduced
Dyspnoea
Cyanosis if severe
Death if very severe
Cerebral edema consequences
Compression of brain
Herniation of brain
Flattened gyri
Obliterated sulci
