Environment midterm

Question 1

Discourse

Answer 1

The way we construct interpret discuss and analyze environmental problems.

Question 2

Nature as sublime

Answer 2

Separate from the culture, pristine and beyond human comprehension

Question 3

Nature as a resource

Answer 3

Extractable commodities conservation of spaces for later use.

Question 4

Governace

Answer 4

Arrangements through which governments, private actors, and non governmental organizations direct actions (through policies, programs initiatives, laws, regulations standards social norms etc.)

Question 5

Tragedy of commons

Answer 5

Nature is external stock of finite resources, people are by nature: individualistic, autonomous, self interest, and rational profit seeking

Question 6

Commons Hardin v Ostrom

Answer 6

Hardin: Deductive, logic from assumption, deterministic of outcome, narrow range of outcome

Ostrom: Inductive, based on observation, not deterministic of the outcome, wider range of options

Question 7

Common property resources

Answer 7

Means that all members should have access to that resource

Question 8

Two types of resources

Answer 8

Nonexcludable: Means its harder to exclude people from these resources ( ground water, fish, wildlife ect.)
Suitability: Where one user can subtract from welfare or benefit others.

Question 9

Community based management

Answer 9

Held by indefinable community of independent users. Can exclude outsiders while regulating use by member of the local community

Question 10

Common property resources

Answer 10

Resources that can be freely consumed or enjoyed by anyone

Question 11

Open access property rights regime

Answer 11

Free and unregulated resources. The absence of well defined property rights. Everyone can access this, can lead to depletion.

Question 12

Communal property rights regime

Answer 12

Held by a independent community of independent users. Can exclude outsiders while regulating use by member of the local community. Even when there is no official acknowledgement of communal property, that doesn’t stop exclusion.

Question 13

Private property rights regime

Answer 13

The right to exclude others from using the resource and to regulate the use of the resource, normally protected by the government and transferable. Provides economical incentives for exploitation and not to deplete and destroy their own resources, but does NOT mean sustainable use.

Question 14

State property rights regime

Answer 14

Exclusive to the state government provides adequate exclusion. Often treated like open access. While it can help regulate resources and how they are used, it does not mean stainability as they decision makers are not the government or the public.

Question 15

Socionatures

Answer 15

The idea that nature and humanity are one and the same and can be thought of as a single concept.

Question 16

Production of Nature

Answer 16

Refers to the historically and geographically specific practices through which human “make” their environments and use it as a pregiven.

Question 17

Political economy

Answer 17

Taking about the structures of the economy and the social relations to power.

Question 18

Political economy eparch

Answer 18

Signal that economic process and expansion are the root of environment issues and scarcity.

Question 19

Spatial fix

Answer 19

When Capitalism: Establishes new markets elsewhere( consumption), access new resource elsewhere (inputs), and move to cheaper labor, land, and waste (production costs)

Question 20

Capitalism

Answer 20

Modern of production, reproduction and consumption. Involves a very distinct division of labor and social relationships to nature.

Question 21

Affective materiality

Answer 21

Materializes as people turn toward or against an object

Question 22

Animacy

Answer 22

The state of being alive and animate.

Question 23

Social construction

Answer 23

any category or thing that is made real by convention or collective agreement

Question 24

Assimilative capacity

Answer 24

The ability of the environment or a part of the environment to carry waste material without adverse effects on the environment or on users of its resources

Question 25

Regulation

Answer 25

Can include formal regulation but also less formal accepted practices.

Question 26

Institutions

Answer 26

Systems of recognized constraints on individual behavior that help govern collective action around resources. (Not just physical institutions)

Question 27

Scalar Fix

Answer 27

a management solution to environmental problems associated with resource use and extraction (e.g. watershed governance) where rescaling management to a ‘natural scale’ is proposed and implemented.

Question 28

Operational Scale

Answer 28

The thing itself sperate for the scalar observations. (the board understanding.) It’s not possible to understaand it all but you can decide what the important ones are/ Observational and observational scale sometimes match but often mismatch. They can also influence the phenomenon that you are trying to solve

Question 29

Observational Scale

Answer 29

Observers practicing “something”, direct observation and how data is collected, reflected in frames we use stories we tell and arguments we make.

Question 30

Environmental Kuznets Curve

Answer 30

An upside-down U that talks about degradation and economic development. In the early stages of economic growth, environment qualities deteriorates till a certain level of economic growth when the country is wealthier and transitions to more sustainable and cleaner technologies.

Question 31

Environmental Kuznets Curve Critics

Answer 31

However, it’s important to speak about how wealth effects environment issues
(Technologies not available to low income countries,)
Spatial mismatch problem: the location of consumption vs production. The more suitable technologies can make the air cleaner but they can’t bring back species or land mass, meaning this is not

Question 32

Adaptation

Answer 32

Actions taken to protect places and people from the impact of climate consequences.

Question 33

Mitigation

Answer 33

Action taken to stop or slow processes of climate change

Question 34

Resilience

Answer 34

Ability to absorb “shocks” and maintain same general structure, composition etc “bounce back”

Question 35

Adaptive Resilience

Answer 35

Adapt to new or dynamic conditions through change that fundamental (eg. zoning, land use)

Question 36

Transformative resilience

Answer 36

Creation of fundamentally new systems (eg. rethinking relationships to fire and floods) bounce forward

Question 37

Pollution Haven Hypothesis

Answer 37

the idea that polluting industries will relocate to jurisdictions with less stringent environmental regulations