Entonox

Question 1

What classification is Entonox under?

Answer 1

Medicinal gas, compressed

Question 2

What is the onset timing for Entonox?

Answer 2

Rapid

Question 3

What is the peak timing for Entonox?

Answer 3

Immediate

Question 4

How is Entonox excreted from the body?

Answer 4

The lungs

Question 5

List the precautions for Entonox

Answer 5

Ensure adequate ventilation of confined spaces, including operating the exhaust fan and/or opening windows in the ambulance.

Also see “SAD CF”

Question 6

List the adverse effects for Entonox

Answer 6

• Lightheadedness, dizziness, sedation, drowsiness, disorientation.
• Nausea and/or vomiting.

Question 7

What is the dosing for Entonox?

Answer 7

Self administered to effect.

Question 8

What are the characteristics of Oxygen?

Answer 8

• Odorless, colorless gas
• Molecular weight 32.00
• Boiling point -183.1°C (at 1bar(g))
• Density 1.335kg/m3 (at 15°C).
• Oxygen is present in the atmosphere at 21%

Question 9

What are the characteristics of Nitrous Oxide?

Answer 9

• Sweet smelling, colorless gas
• Molecular weight 44.00
• Boiling point -88.6°C (at 1bar(g))
• Density 1.875kg/m3 (at 15°C).
• Nitrous oxide is a potent analgesic and a weak anesthetic.
• Endorphins are probably involved in the analgesic effect; a concentration of 25% nitrous oxide is usually adequate to provide a marked reduction in pain.

Question 10

Why does Nitrous Oxide expand?

Answer 10

The blood/gas partition co-efficient of nitrous oxide at 37°C is 0.46 compared with that of nitrogen of 0.015 causing nitrous oxide to expand into the internal gas spaces.

Question 11

What are two safety alerts for Entonox?

Answer 11

Safety Alert: Entonox should not be used in a confined space that cannot be adequately ventilated; when used inside an ambulance or other vehicle always operate the exhaust fan and/or open windows to allow for the ventilation of expired gases

Safety Alert: Entonox should not be used in aircraft due to the potential that expired gases may impact the pilot(s)

Question 12

What is a mnemonic for the contraindications of Entonox?

Answer 12

C - Ability to comply
A - Altered level of consciousness
D - Decompression sickness

P – Pneumothorax
A - Air Emboli
I - Inhalation in jury
N - Nitroglycerin use within 5 mins

Question 13

What is a mnemonic for the precautions of Entonox?

Answer 13

S - Shock
A - Abdominal distention
D - Depressant drugs

C - COPD
F – Facial injuries

Question 14

What are the drug to drug interactions of Entonox?

Answer 14

Depressant effects are potentiated by the presence of other CNS depressants such as alcohol, sedatives, antihistamines, or psychotropic drugs.

Question 15

Bacterial/viral filters should always be used with Entonox administration, true or false?

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Entonox doesn’t need to be maintained to a temperature above 10°C, true or false?

Answer 16

False