DiphenhydrAMINE

Question 1

What classification is DiphenhydrAMINE under?

Answer 1

Antihistamine

Question 2

Explain the pharmacodynamics of DiphenhydrAMINE

Answer 2

Antihistamine with anticholinergic (drying) and sedative side effects. Antihistamines appear to complete with histamine for cell receptor sites on effector cells

Question 3

What are the indications for DiphenhydrAMINE?

Answer 3

• Antihistaminic: adjunct treatment of allergic reactions
  / early anaphylaxis or as an adjunct to Epinephrine in
  anaphylaxis
• Motion sickness
• Antiparkinsonism

Question 4

What are the contraindications for DiphenhydrAMINE?

Answer 4

• Hypersensitivity to antihistamines
• Neonates
• Premature infants

Question 5

List the precautions for DiphenhydrAMINE

Answer 5

Has an atropine-like action and therefore, should be used with caution in patients with:

• A history of bronchial asthma
• Increased intraocular pressure
• Hyperthyroidism
• Cardiovascular disease
• Hypertension
• Lower respiratory disease

Question 6

List the adverse effects for DiphenhydrAMINE

Answer 6

Urticaria, drug rash, anaphylactic shock, photosensitivity, excessive perspiration, chills dryness of mouth, nose, and throat
Hypotension, headache, palpitations, tachycardia, extrasystoles
Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis
Sedation, sleepiness, dizziness, disturbed coordination, fatigue, confusion, restlessness, excitation, nervousness, tremor, irritability, insomnia, euphoria, paresthesia, blurred vision, diplopia, vertigo, tinnitus, acute labyrinthitis, neuritis, convulsions
Epigastric distress, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation
Thickening of bronchial secretions, tightness of chest or throat and wheezing, nasal stuffiness

Question 7

List the GI related adverse effects for DiphenhydrAMINE

Answer 7

Epigastric distress, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation

Question 8

List the nervous system related adverse effects for DiphenhydrAMINE

Answer 8

Sedation, sleepiness, dizziness, disturbed coordination, fatigue, confusion, restlessness, excitation, nervousness, tremor, irritability, insomnia, euphoria, paresthesia, blurred vision, diplopia, vertigo, tinnitus, acute labyrinthitis, neuritis, convulsions

Question 9

List the Integumentary related adverse effects for DiphenhydrAMINE

Answer 9

Urticaria, drug rash, anaphylactic shock, photosensitivity, excessive perspiration, chills dryness of mouth, nose, and throat

Question 10

List the full adverse effects for DiphenhydrAMINE

Answer 10

Integumentary - Urticaria, drug rash, anaphylactic shock, photosensitivity, excessive perspiration, chills dryness of mouth, nose, and throat

Cardiovascular - Hypotension, headache, palpitations, tachycardia, extrasystoles

Hematological - Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis

Sedation, sleepiness, dizziness, disturbed coordination, fatigue, confusion, restlessness, excitation, nervousness, tremor, irritability, insomnia, euphoria, paresthesia, blurred vision, diplopia, vertigo, tinnitus, acute labyrinthitis, neuritis, convulsions

Gastrointestinal - Epigastric distress, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation

Respiratory - Thickening of bronchial secretions, tightness of chest or throat and wheezing, nasal stuffiness

Question 11

What is the ADULT dosing for DiphenhydrAMINE?

Answer 11

25 - 50 mg IV for anaphylaxis

Question 12

What is the PEDIATRIC dosing for DiphenhydrAMINE?

Answer 12

1 mg/Kg IM/IV

Question 13

List the cardiovascular related adverse effects for DiphenhydrAMINE

Answer 13

Hypotension, headache, palpitations, tachycardia, extrasystoles

Question 14

List the Gastrointestinal related adverse effects for DiphenhydrAMINE

Answer 14

Epigastric distress, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation

Question 15

List the hematological related adverse effects for DiphenhydrAMINE

Answer 15

Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis

Question 16

What are the drug to drug interactions of DiphenhydrAMINE?

Answer 16

• Additive effects with alcohol and other CNS
  depressants (hypnotics, sedatives, tranquilizers, etc.)
• MAO inhibitors prolong and intensify the
  anticholinergic (drying) effects of antihistamines

Question 17

What are five warnings of DiphenhydrAMINE?

Answer 17

Use with caution in patients with:

• Narrow-angle glaucoma
• Stenosing peptic ulcer
• Pyloroduodenal obstruction
• Symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy
• Bladder-neck obstruction