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ENT Lectures > ENT emergencies > Flashcards

ENT emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

What supplies the cartilage?

A

Perichondrium

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2
Q

What can cause cartilage necrosis?

A

Bilateral septal heamatoma

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3
Q

When should a nasal bone be manipulated in?

A

<3 weeks

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4
Q

What are complications of a broken nose?

A

Epistaxis
CSF leak
Meningitis
Anosmia

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5
Q

What is the management of a nosebleed?

A 
Local treatment
External pressure to nose
Ice
Cautery
Nasal packing
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6
Q

How is severe epistaxis managed?

A 
Resusitate on arrival if necessary
Arrest/slow flow
Remove clot, suction, nose blowing
Anterior rhinoscopy
Cautery
Systemic treatment
Reversal of effect of anticoagulants
Correction of clotting abnormalities
Platelet tranfusion
Treatment of hyper tension
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7
Q

When do CSF leaks need repair?

A

<10 days

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8
Q

What are some ear emergencies?

A

Pinna Haematoma
Ear lacerations
Temporal bone fratures
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss

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9
Q

What is the treatment of a pinna haematoma?

A 
Aspirate
Incision
Drainage
Pressure dressing
No good evidence which technique is best
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10
Q

What can lacerations?

A

Blunt trauma
Avulsion
Dog bites
Tissue loss

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11
Q

What is the treatment of lacerations to the ear?

A

Debridement
Closure
Usually Lignocaine and adrenaline
Antibiotics if cartilage?

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12
Q

What are important parts of an ENT history?

A 
Injury mechanism
Hearing loss
Facial palsy
Vertigo
CSF leak
Associated injuries
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13
Q

What is battles sign?

A

Bruising around the back of the ear

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14
Q

What is battles sign a sign of?

A

Base of skull fracture?

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15
Q

What is the classification of skull fractures?

A

Longitudinal vs transvere

Otic capsule involved or spares

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16
Q

What causes logitudinal fracture?

A

Lateral blows

17
Q

What are features of a longitudinal fractures?

A

Fracture line parallels the long axis of the petrous pyramid

Bleeding from external canal due to the laceration of skin and ear drum

18
Q

What is Haemotympanum?

A

Conductive deafness

19
Q

Transvere fracture

A

+++

20
Q

What is the management of skull fractures?

A 
Often delayed as polytrauma
Facial nerve decompression
EMG stufies
Manage CSF lek
May need hearing restoration
21
Q

What is sudden sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Hearing loss within 3 days of at least 30 decibels

22
Q

What is the tx of SSHL?

A

High dose prednisolone for 3 days

23
Q

What foregin body in the ear is an emergency?

A

Watch batteries

24
Q

What is included within zone 1 of the neck?

A 
Trachea
Oesophagus
Thoracic duct
Thyroid
Vessels
Spinal cord
25
Q

What is included in zone 2?

A 
Larynx
Hypopharync
CN 10,11,12
Carotids
Internal jugular
Spinal cord
26
Q

What is included in zone 3?

A

Pharynx
Cranial nerve
Carotids IJV
SPinal cord

27
Q

What investigations are there for a neck laceration?

A 
FBC
G and S
XM
Ap/Lateral neck
CXR - haemo-pneumothrac
CT angiogram
MRA
28
Q

What is a deep neck space infection?

A

Extension of infection from tonsil or oropharynx into deeper tissues

29
Q

What is a classic history of DNSI?

A

Sore throat
Unwell
Limited neck movement

30
Q

WHat is seen on examination of DNSI?

A

Febrile
Trismus
Red/tender neck

31
Q

What is the Tx for DSNI?

A

Fluid resus
IV Ab
Incision and drainage

ENT Lectures (14 decks)

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